Common Maternal Complications

These flashcards cover key terms, definitions, and concepts related to common maternal complications, including postpartum hemorrhage, hypertension in pregnancy, and associated nursing considerations.

Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)

Cumulative blood loss of > 1,000 mL for both vaginal and cesarean births, or less with signs of hypovolemia.

Uterine Atony

A condition where the uterus fails to contract effectively after childbirth, leading to excessive bleeding.

Risk Factors for PPH

Includes uterine atony, prolonged labor, multiparity, and coagulopathies among others.

Signs of Hypovolemia

Tachycardia, hypotension, cool clammy skin, and oliguria.

Anemia

A condition characterized by a deficiency in the number or quality of red blood cells, often a result of significant blood loss.

Subinvolution

The delayed return of the enlarged uterus to normal size and function, often related to retained products of conception.

Laceration

Injury to the vaginal canal or perineum that can cause bleeding despite firm uterine tone.

Episiotomy

A surgical incision made in the perineum during childbirth to widen the vaginal opening.

Uterine Inversion

A rare but serious condition where the uterus turns inside out, usually occurring during or after childbirth.

Medication for PPH

Includes Pitocin, Methergine, and Hemabate aimed at inducing uterine contractions.

Bakri Balloon Tamponade

A device used to control obstetric hemorrhage by applying pressure inside the uterus.

Massive Transfusion Protocol (MTP)

A predetermined set of guidelines for the massive transfusion of blood products in obstetric emergencies.

Lochia

The vaginal discharge that occurs after childbirth, consisting of blood, mucus, and uterine tissue.

Gestational Hypertension

Hypertension that occurs during pregnancy, usually after 20 weeks, without proteinuria.

Preeclampsia

A pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system, such as the kidneys.

Eclampsia

The onset of seizures in a woman with preeclampsia, often indicative of severe disease.

Tocolytics

Medications used to suppress premature labor but can be contraindicated in cases of severe preeclampsia.

Fetal Monitoring

Continuous assessment of fetal heart rate and activity, crucial in high-risk pregnancies.

Oxytocin

A hormone used to induce labor and control postpartum bleeding by enhancing uterine contractions.

Magnesium Sulfate

A medication used to prevent seizures in women with preeclampsia and to manage hypertension.

Laboratory Studies in PPH

Laboratory evaluations like CBC and coagulation studies to assess for anemia and clotting disorders.

DTRs (Deep Tendon Reflexes)

Reflects the neurological function and can be affected by magnesium toxicity.

Fluid Resuscitation

The process of replenishing bodily fluids in patients experiencing severe blood loss or shock.

Monitoring for Magnesium Toxicity

Frequent checks of respiratory rate, reflexes, and urine output for signs of toxicity.

Family Teaching for Magnesium Sulfate

Educating patients about the side effects and the purpose of administering magnesium sulfate.

Assessment of Uterine Atony

The evaluation of uterine tone through palpation to identify whether it is firm or “boggy.”},{