Temperature and Altitude
Low atmospheric pressure(air expands and cools), distance from re-radiation, Albedo
Lapse Rate
How quickly air cools with regard to altitude
Average: from sea level to 11km → -10° for every 150m, ELR
Folding
Plates crumpling
Monocline → step-like fold
Anticline → arch-like fold
Sincline → u-shaped fold
Overturned → folded on itself
Everest
Fold mountains → biggest between two continental plates
Ordovician Limestone Cap → under the ocean at some point
Mountain Building Zones
Convergent boundaries, e.g. Nazca and South American Plate
Subduction
Convergent boundary between an oceanic and continental plate
DALR vs WALR
Dry vs Wet Adiabatic Lapse Rate
Dry → 10°/km
Wet → 6°/km
Human Challenges
Altitude:
Altitude sickness → less oxygen per breath, hypoxia,
8000m+ death zone → not enough oxygen for the body to build new tissue
AMS → acute mountain sickness
Cold:
<-10° intolerable for long-term
frostbite, hypothermia, extremities
Oymyakon → coldest inhabited place on earth
Resource Development:
inavailability of water, food, fuel
infrastructure → roads and rail lines buckle from melting and refreezing
topography → steepness, unstable ground
no running water, pipes freeze