IB Geography High Mountains

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Temperature and Altitude

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8 Terms

1

Temperature and Altitude

Low atmospheric pressure(air expands and cools), distance from re-radiation, Albedo

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2

Lapse Rate

How quickly air cools with regard to altitude

Average: from sea level to 11km → -10° for every 150m, ELR

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3

Folding

Plates crumpling

  • Monocline → step-like fold

  • Anticline → arch-like fold

  • Sincline → u-shaped fold

  • Overturned → folded on itself

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4

Everest

Fold mountains → biggest between two continental plates

Ordovician Limestone Cap → under the ocean at some point

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5

Mountain Building Zones

Convergent boundaries, e.g. Nazca and South American Plate

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6

Subduction

Convergent boundary between an oceanic and continental plate

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7

DALR vs WALR

Dry vs Wet Adiabatic Lapse Rate

  • Dry → 10°/km

  • Wet → 6°/km

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8

Human Challenges

Altitude:

  • Altitude sickness → less oxygen per breath, hypoxia,

  • 8000m+ death zone → not enough oxygen for the body to build new tissue

  • AMS → acute mountain sickness

Cold:

  • <-10° intolerable for long-term

  • frostbite, hypothermia, extremities

  • Oymyakon → coldest inhabited place on earth

Resource Development:

  • inavailability of water, food, fuel

  • infrastructure → roads and rail lines buckle from melting and refreezing

  • topography → steepness, unstable ground

  • no running water, pipes freeze

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