pee

azot/o

nitrogenous waste

corpor/o

body

cyst/o

urinary bladder

genit/o

genitals

glomerul/o

glomerulus

home/o

sameness

iatr/o

medicine

idi/o

distinctive

keton/o

ketones

lith/o

stones

nephr/o

kidney

olig/o

scanty

peritone/o

peritoneum

py/o

pus

pyel/o

renal pelvis

ren/o

kidney

tox/o

poison

ur/o

urine

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

-cele

protrusion

-ectasis

dilation

-lith

stone

-lithiasis

condition of stones

-lysis

destruction

-malacia

abnormal softening

-megaly

enlarged

-ostomy

surgically create an opening

-osis

abnormal condition

-otomy

cutting into

-pexy

surgical fixation

-ptosis

drooping

-rrhagia

abnormal flow condition

-sclerosis

hardening

-stenosis

narrowing

-tripsy

surgical crushing

-uria

urine condition

kidneys

Two organs that clean the blood and create urine (blood waste). They do this by removing water soluble metabolic wastes (mostly nitrogenous wastes like urea) from the blood and concentrating them in urine

inferior vena cava

This large vein collects deoxygenated blood from the organs of the abdomen through smaller branching veins that extend from each organ and merge with the vena cava. The kidneys connect to this through the smaller renal veins which transport “cleaned” blood from the kidneys to the vena cava

abdominal aorta

This large artery sends oxygenated blood to the organs of the abdomen through smaller arteries that branch from the aorta. The renal arteries branch from the aorta to supply the kidneys with oxygenated blood. This blood is also the “dirty” blood that will be cleaned by the kidneys.

Urinary bladder

This organ functions to collect and temporarily store the urine formed by the kidneys.

urethra

this tube connects the urinary bladder to the outside world. It is the tube that urine travels through to exit the body.

urethral orfice

The opening at the end of the urethra

adrenal glands

Each of these lies atop a kidney. The gland is an endocrine gland and produces a variety of steroid hormones (corticosteroids) which can be grouped into various categories that 1) help regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance, 2) regulate glucose and lipid metabolism 3) function as precursors to functional sex hormones and 4) aer utilized during the fight or flight stress response

renal artery

these have a right branch off from the abdominal aorta. They supply the kidneys with “dirty” blood to be cleaned

Renal pelvis

This is the funnel shaped section of each ureter that enters the kidney. Each is fringed by a collection of major and minor calyces. It functions to funnel the urine into the ureters

Renal vein

The right and left of these both come from their respective kidneys and join the inferior vena cava. They transport “clean” blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava which takes blood to the heart

Ureter

These two 10-12 inch long tubes carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

renal capsule

A fibrous and tough outer coating that surrounds the kidneys to provide a measure of physical protection

renal cortex

this is the layer of the kidney underneath the renal capsule and above the renal medulla. This outer zone of the kidney can contain all the parts of the nephrons (renal capsules, renal tubules, and collecting ducts)

Renal medulla

This is the inner layer of the kidney that lies beneath the renal cortex. It is divided into a number of distinctive sections called renal pyramids. This part of the kidney functions to cause maximal reabsorption of water from the filtrate back to the blood.

Renal pyramid

These are distinctive segments (usually 27 per kidney) within the renal medulla. They appear striped because of the numerous nephrons and collecting ducts that group themselves alongside one another within each pyramid. This formation gives rise to its shape

Major calyx

They merge to form the larger major calyces which all merge to form the renal pelvis. This all works to funnel the urine to the ureters

minor calyx

The collecting ducts empty urine into these which merge to form the major calyces