Reactoins Unit test

chemical reaction

chemical reaction

the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances

reactants

the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

products

the elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction

aqueous

dissolved in water

exergonic

Chemical reactions that release energy

exothermic

Chemical Reaction in which energy is primarily given off in the form of heat

endergonic

A chemical reaction that requires the input of energy in order to proceed.

endothermic

chemical reaction that requires a net input of heat energy

reaction rate

the rate at which reactants change into products over time

Coefficient

A number placed in front of a chemical formula in an equation

subscript

a number written to the right and below an element to show its ratio in the compound (Can NOT be changed when balancing reaction)

catalyst

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

balanced reaction

both sides of the equation have the same number of atoms of each element

combustion

the process of burning

a process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light

precipitate

A solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction.

5 Ways a chemical reaction can speed up

Temperature

Surface Area

Concentration

Catalyst

Pressure

Arrow in a chemical Reaction

yeilds/produces

Law of Conservation of Matter

Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change

(s)

solid

(l)

liquid

(g)

gas

(aq)

aqueous

What can change when balancing a chemical reaction

coefficient

What are the products of combustion

CO2 and H2O

What type of reaction results in formation of precipitate

Double Replacement

Synthesis

A + B --> AB

Decomposition

AB->A+B

Single Replacement

A + BC --> B + AC

Double Replacement

AB + CD --> AD + CB

Acid

any compound that forms H+ ions in solution

Base

a compound that produces hydroxide OH- ions in solution

pH scale

scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; 0 to 7 is acidic, 7 is neutral, 7 to 14 is basic

electrolyte

A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current

Litmus paper

an indicator paper that turns red in an acid and blue in a base

Neutralization

A reaction of an acid with a base, yielding a solution that is not as acidic or basic as the starting solutions were.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Alloy

a combination; a mixture of two or more metals

Polar

Molecule with oppositely charged ends

Non-Polar

equal sharing of electrons

Dissociation

the separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves

Factors that affect dissolving

increasing the surface area of the solute, stirring a solution, heating a solvent