Horse Breeds

Andalusian

• Originated in Andalusia, Spain

• Purebred Spanish horse

• Major influence of Lipizzaner

• Most gray

• 15.2-16.2hh

Appaloosa

• Originated in US

• 14-16hh

• Bred by Nez perce Native Americans

• Must have 3 characteristics - white sclera, mottled skin, striped hooves

• Coat patterns: leopard complex genes, blanket, blanket with spots, roan, roan blanket with spots, solid

Arabian

• Originated in Arabia- Bedouin people

• Bred for endurance

• 14.1-15.1 hh

• Dished face, large eyes, nostrils, teacup muzzle, high held tail

Belgian

• Originated in Belgium

• Chestnut with blonde mane and tail

• 17hh 2000lbs

• Genetic disorder: junctional epidermolysis bullosa

Clydesdale

• Originated in Scotland - river clyde

• 16-18hh, 1800-2000 lbs

• White face and legs

• Often have Sabino markings

Dutch Warmblood

• Originated in Netherlands

• Governs breeding

• KWPN

• Rigorous process for approved stallions

• Open stud book

• Typically taller than 15.2 hh

Friesian

• Originated from Northern Netherlands

• 14.2 hh- 17hh

• Developed from Medieval war horses

• Baroque body

Haflinger

• Originated from Hafling, Austria (Now Italy)

• 13.2-15hh

• Always chestnut

• First horse to be cloned

Hanoverian

• Originated from Hanover, Germany

• Rigorous breeding qualifications for studbook - Hanoverian Verband

• 15.3-17.2 hh

• Sport horse

• Solid colors

• DOD- developmental orthopedic disease

Icelandic ponies

• Originated from Iceland

• 13-14 hh, 700-850 lbs

• Unique gaits

• tolt- running walk

• skold- flying pace

Lipizzaner

• Originated from Spain

• Breed registry established 1580- Lipizza (Slovenia)

• Hapsburgs Dynasty - Spain and Austrailia

• 8 stallions

• Spanish riding school in Vienna (1735)

• Grey, Baroque body style

Morgan

• Originated in US

• Justin Morgan

• Foaled as “Figure”

• Late 1700’s

• Chestnut, bay, brown

• Blood in standardbreds, and TWH

• Black Hawl

Fjord

• Originated in Norway

• Viking burial sites 2000 years ago

• Primitive color

• Light draft

Paint

• Originated in US

• American Paint Horse Association

• 2nd largest breed registry in US

• Stocky

• Sire and dam must be registered through APHA, AQHA. or jockey club

• Colors- tobiano, overo, sabino, tovero

Paso Fino

• Originated in Spain

• Fine step

• Puerto Rico and Columbia

• Peruvian Paso

• Natural gait, paso, ambling gait

• PR paso-tiger eye

Percheron

• Originated in La perche, Normandy, France

• Black and gray

• Lack of feathers

• Work, meat

QH

• Originated in US

• Named for running a quarter of a mile at 55mph

• Highly versatile- rodeo, ranch work, western

• Largest breed registry in world (3m)

• Bred from english thoroughbreds (Janus) and native horses (Spanish)

• Sprint races

• Colonial QH + mustang = cow sense

• AQHA- 1940

• Appendix - TB x QH

• Muscular, compact, short cannon, hocks low, stocky

• Halter type, racing type, hunter type

Saddlebred

• Foundation sire- Denmark

• Morgan, Narragansett pacer, Canadian pacer, thoroughbred

• Second Sire - Harrison Chief

Shetland Pony

• Originated from Shetland Isles- Scotland

• Max height - 42 inches

• Pit ponies

• Shetland pony stud book started in 1890

Shire

• Originated from England

• Used to be called English Great Horse, Old English Black, Lincolnshire, Packington Blind horse (Foundation Sire, 1755)

• Shire horse society - 1884

• Usually tallest and largest weight of draft horses

• Mammoth- 21.2 hh, 3360 lbs

• Roman nose

• Black, gray, chestnut, bay

• 17.2 hh

Standardbred

• Originated in US

• American trotting horse- harness racing

• Named for trotting a mile in less than standard time- 2:30 min

• Foundation Sires: Messenger (thoroughbred)/ Hambletonian 10

• Narragansett pacer

• Canadian pacer

• Thoroughbred

• Morgan

• Hackney

TWH

• Originated in TN registry 1935

• Foundation sire: Allan F-1 Black Allan, 1886 closed stud book

• Morgan x Standardbred

• Blood from pacers, Spanish

• Rocking canter, running walk

• Flat footed/shod

• Pleasure horses, many disciplines

• 50% natural shoe length

• Wear action devices, tail sets

• USEF doesn’t recognize any of these shows

Thoroughbred

• Originated in England

• Racehorses

• Foundation sires + English mares

• Darley Arabian

• Godolphin Arabian

• Byerly Turk

• All foaled 1679-1724

• General studbook-1791

• Jan 1st bday

• No AI breeding

• Tatted on lip for ID

• 16 hh, solid colors primarily

Welsh Pony

• Originated from Wales <1600

• Slightly larger than shetlands

• Welsh Pony and Cob Society - 1901

• A-smallest: Welsh Mountain Pony < 12 hh UK 12.2 US

Rare breeds

fewer than 5000

• Canadian, Lipizzaner, Rocky Mountain

Critical breeds

fewer than 3000

• Akhal Teke

• Suffolk

• Cleveland Bay