Conformity
SOCIAL PHENOMENON THAT OCCURS WHEN INDIVIDUALS ADJUST THEIR ATTITUDES, BELIEFS, OR BEHAVIORS TO MATCH THOSE OF A GROUP
Conformity
CAN BE MOTIVATED BY VARIOUS FACTORS, SUCH AS THE DESIRE TO FIT IN WITH A GROUP, THE NEED FOR SOCIAL APPROVAL
Informational Conformity
(Type of Conformity) occurs when individuals conform to the beliefs or behaviors of a group because they believe
the group has accurate information or knowledge.
Normative Conformity
(Type of Conformity) occurs when individuals conform to the norms or expectations of a group to avoid social
rejection or disapproval
Deviance
A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE BEHAVIOR THAT GOES AGAINST THE NORMS AND EXPECTATIONS OF A PARTICULAR SOCIETY OR GROUP
Deviance
IS NOT AN OBJECTIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF BEHAVIOR, BUT RATHER A SUBJECTIVE JUDGMENT MADE BY MEMBERS OF A SOCIAL GROUP BASED ON THEIR CULTURAL NORMS
Symbolic Interactionist
(Theories of Deviance) A THEORETICAL APPROACH THAT CAN BE USED TO EXPLAIN
HOW SOCIETIES AND/OR SOCIAL GROUPS COME TO VIEW BEHAVIORS AS DEVIANT OR
CONVENTIONAL.
Differential Association Theory
(Theories of Deviance) STATES THAT WE LEARN TO BE DEVIANT THROUGH OUR ASSOCIATIONS WITH DEVIANT PEERS.
Labeling Theory
(Theories of Deviance) CLAIMS THAT DEVIANCE IS A CONSEQUENCE OF EXTERNAL JUDGEMENTS, OR LABELS, WHICH BOTH MODIFY THE INDIVIDUAL'S SELF-CONCEPT AND CHANGE THE WAY OTHERS RESPOND TO THE LABELED PERSON.
Environmental Theory
(Theories of Deviance) THE IDEA THAT A PERSON'S INTERACTION WITH THEIR ENVIRONMENT CAUSES DEVIANT BEHAVIOR
Pyschological Trauma
(Theories of Deviance) DEVIANT BEHAVIOR IS CAUSED BY PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA. EMOTIONAL SCARS, NEGATIVE EXPERIENCE AND ABUSE ARE THE MAIN CAUSES OF NEGATIVE BEHAVIOR.
Stigma
term for any physical social attribute that devalues a person’s identity which may exclude those who are devalues from the normal social interactions
Erving Goffman
made the term stigma
Physical
(type of stigma) including physical or mental impairments
Moral
(type of stigma) signs of flawed character
Tribal
(type of stigma) membership in a discredited or oppressed group
In Group
YOUR IDENTITY WITHIN THE GROUP IS CONFIRMED AND YOU IDENTIFY WITH THAT GROUP
Out Groups
NO ONE CONFIRMS YOUR SIMILARITY WITHIN THE GROUP; MAY FEEL A SENSE OF COMPETITIVENESS OR HOSTILITY
Primary Group
(Groups within the society) lasting relatioship
Secondary Group
(Groups within the society) companies, professional organizations n corporations
Intermediate Groups
(Groups within the society) Social Media
Reference Groups
group that determines the reference point of the expected behavior or norm and has strong influence
Networks
set of links, ties and relations between people and social groups
Diffusion
(Function of Social Networks) REFERS TO THE SPREAD OF INFORMATION, IDEAS, OR BEHAVIORS THROUGH A SOCIAL NETWORK. IN A SOCIAL NETWORK THAT DEPENDS ON TRUST ON THE INFO GIVER
Exchanges
(Function of Social Networks) IN A SOCIAL NETWORK REFER TO THE FLOW OF RESOURCES, INFORMATION, AND SUPPORT AMONG INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE CONNECTED BY SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS.
Social Support
(Function of Social Networks)CAN TAKE MANY FORMS, INCLUDING EMOTIONAL SUPPORT, SUCH AS LISTENING OR PROVIDING COMFORT, AND INSTRUMENTAL SUPPORT, SUCH AS PROVIDING TANGIBLE RESOURCES OR ASSISTANCE)
Exclusion
(Function of Social Networks) EXCLUSION FROM A SOCIAL GROUP REFERS TO THE ACT OF BEING INTENTIONALLY LEFT OUT OR OSTRACIZED FROM A GROUP OF PEOPLE WITH WHOM ONE WOULD NORMALLY BE EXPECTED TO INTERACT
Kinship
REFERS TO THE SOCIAL TIES AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS BASED ON THEIR BIOLOGICAL OR SOCIAL CONNECTIONS
Polygamy
someone having multiple marriage partners
Polygyny
man having multiple wife
Polyandry
woman having more than one husband
Monogamy
Sexually exclusive marriage to tone spouse
Exogamy
practice of selecting mates from outisde grou[
Endogamy
Practice of selecting mates within one’s group
Incest Taboo
cultural norm forbidding sexual relations between certain kinPro
Property and Descent
Kinship systems that shape the distribution of property in the society
Patrilineal kinship systems
(Property and Descent) family lineage is traced through the family of father
Matrilineal kinship systems
(Property and Descent) are those in which ancestry is traced through mother
bilateral kinship systems
(Property and Descent) descent is traced through both mother and father
Place of Residence
US: married couples are expected to establish independent households
Patrilocal
(Place of Residence) woman is seperated to her kinship groups and resides to the husband/ his kinship group
Matrilocal kinship systems woman continues to live with her famly of orgin
(Place of Residence)
Neolocal Residence
(Place of Residence) new couple establishing their own residence
Patriarchy
MEN = POWER
Matriarchy
WOMEN=POWER
Egalitarian Society
MEN= WOMEN
Extended Family
network of parents ,children ,relatives
Nuclear Family
comprises of one married couple with their children
Step Families
Blended families due to divorce
religion
involves a set of symbols that arouses feeling of reverence and awe and are linked to ceremonial rituals
Economy
how human and natural resources are developed and utilized
Property
(Economy) tights and duties of one person against others with respect to some scarce goods
Private property
(Economy - P) relatively free from direct state controls
Public Property
(Economy - P) Controlled by a sub section of government
Technology
knowledge skills and attitudes necessary to convert available resources to anything needed
Division of Labor
differentiation of functions performed by the individual member/small groups
Organization of works
Application of sociological principles to the study of economical structure
Government
institution entrusted with enforcing rules of society
Power
Ability to do something in order to achieve desired outcome
Authority
Legitimate Power
Social Change
refers to changes in the social structures, institutions, and practices of a society. It can include changes in political systems, economic systems, and social relations. can be intentional or unintentional
Cultural Change
refers to changes in the beliefs, values, and behaviors of a society. It can include changes in language, religion, art, music, fashion, and other aspects of culture. Cultural change can be intentional or unintentional
Revolution
A revolution is a fundamental and rapid change in a society's political, economic, or social structures. There are several types of revolution, and they can be categorized in different ways depending on the criteria used
Political Revolution
(Revolution) aims to overthrow government and replace it with a new one
Social revolution
(Revolution) aims to change the social and cultural roles of the society
Economic Revolution
(Revolution) seeks to transform the economic structures of society
Technological Revolution
(Revolution) rapid and fundamental change in technology and tools used in the society
Cultural Revolution
(Revolution) aims to change cultural norms and practices of society
Non Violent Revolution
(Revolution) Peaceful Protests and civil disobedience
Violent Revolution
(Revolution) uses force/conflict ,often involving war to overthrow current government/ social order