Female Pelvis

— is highly innervated area that lies below the junction of the labia majora

Clitoris

— is outer lips or flaps of skin covering vaginal opening

labia majora

— is the inner lips or flaps of skin covering vaginal opening, smaller than major labia

labia minora

— is fatty prominence covering the symphysis pubis

mons pubis

The bowl is located in which pelvis

the bowel is mainly located in the false pelvislinea termin

— is an imaginary line connecting superior sacrum to symphysis pubis

linea terminalis

The greater pelvis is also known as the — pelvis, and it contains —

False, bowel

Neonatal uterus corpus is much shorter than the cervix. T/F

T

Prepubertal uterus corpus is 1/3 the length of the cervix. T/F

F, ½

Nulliparous premenopausal uterus corpus is the same length as the cervix. T/F

T

Multiparous premenopausal uterus corpus is at least 2 times the length of the cervix. T/F

T

Postmenopausal uterus - corpus / cervix ratio remain the same as premenopausal uterus but overall organ atrophies. T/F

T

Average size nulliparous uterus is

7-8 × 3-5 × 3-5 cm

The length and the depth (AP) measurements of the uterus can be obtained on a sagittal image. T/F

T

Width and depth (AP) measurements of the uterus can be obtained on a transverse image. T/F

T

is the most superior portion of the uterus where the cornua extend into the fallopian tubes

Fundus

— is the mid -section of the uterus that has great flexibility to expand with pregnancy

Body AKA corpus

— - lower portion of the corpus connected to the cervix

Isthmus

The — is identified in the pregnant uterus and refers to the segment of the uterus between the body and the cervix

lower uterine segment

— opening from uterus (body) into cervix

Internal os

Culdocentesis is performed to

removal of fluid from the pelvic cul-de-sac

— opening from cervix to vagina

external os

— is the outer layer of the uterine wall and is composed of fibrous connective tissue

the perimetrium

The uterine perimetrium is also called the —

serosa, serous coat

— is the muscle layer of the uterine wall that contracts and expands during delivery

the myometrium

— is the inner lining of the uterus that is sloughed off in menstruation

the endometrium

The — refers to the endometrial layer that is sloughed off during menstruation

functionalis layer

The — is a "permanent" layer of endometrial tissue that serves as a source for cell regrowth for the functionalis layer

basalis layer

The pouch of Douglas is also called the — and it is located —

psterior cul-de-sac, it is a fold of peritoneum between the cervix and the rectum

The — is located anterior to the bladder and called the — space

retropubic, space of Retzius

The — is located between the bladder and the pubic bone

space of Retzius

Wing like folds of the peritoneum extending to lateral pelvic walls, separates pelvic cavity into anterior and posterior portions is called

broad ligaments

— is performed by injecting dye through the uterus and into the fallopian tubes to determine patency of the tubes

hysterosalpinogram

— is free margin of the broad ligament where fallopian tube travels

mesosalpinx

— is portion of the peritoneum connecting anterior ovary to posterior broad ligament

mesovarium

The suspensory and broad ligaments are composed of —

peritoneum

Fibromuscular bands extending from uterus to labia majora and helps maintain normal uterine position is called

round ligaments

Band of fibrous tissue and muscle extends from upper lateral cervix to lateral pelvic wall and contains the uterine and a vaginal vessel is called

transverse cervical ligament of mackenrodt

— short section that passes thru uterine wall

interstitial - AKA intramural

— is middle portion of fallopian tube

isthmus

— is the widest and longest portion; egg fertilization normally occurs here; most ectopics occur in this segment

ampulla

— - contains fimbriae; trumpet shaped end opens into pelvic peritoneal cavity

infundibulum

The ovary is normally found in the Fossa of —

waldeyer

The average size of a normal ovary in premenopausal women is — and its volume is —

the normal ovary measures 3 × 2 × 1 cm and has a volume of 6-13 cc

Graafian follicle is another term to describe a —

dominant, secondary follicle

The uterine artery originates from the anterior branch of the —

internal iliac artery

The uterine artery branches from the hypogastric artery. T/F

T

The arcuate arteries encircle the periphery of the uterus. T/F

T

The spiral arteries supply the — layer and the straight arteries supply the — of the endometrium

functionalis, basalis layer

The left ovarian vein empties into the —

left renal vein

The right ovarian vein empties directly into the —

IVC

The gonadal arteries are a branch of the — and supply the majority of the arterial blood to the ovaries

Aorta

Smaller branches of the uterine artery anastomose with branches of the ovarian artery to supply some blood to the ovaries. T/F

T

— forms anterior wall of abdominopelvic cavity, extends from xiphoid to symphysis

rectus abdominis muscle

The levator ani muscle can be identified on a pelvic ultrasound as the flat muscle extending laterally on both sides of the —

Vagina

— is the most inferior structure, forms the floor of the pelvis, has 3 openings for urethra, vagina and rectum

the levator Ani muscle

— located laterally at the acetabulum, triangular sheet, covers anterior and lateral walls

the obturator internus muscles

— is superior and lateral to levator ani muscles, originates from sacrum

the piriformis muscles

The — and — muscles form the floor of the pelvis

levator ani and coccygeus

— originates in lumbar vertebral region, connects w/ iliacus muscle to form iliopsoas muscle

psoas muscle

An anteflexed uterus refers to

when the uterine body folds to form angle anteriorly with the cervix

An anteverted uterus refers to

when the uterine body forms a slight angle anteriorly with the cervix

A retroflexed uterus refers to

when the uterine body folds to form a sharp angle posteriorly with the cervix

A retroverted uterus refers to

when the uterine body forms a slight angle posteriorly with the cervix

— is when uterus and cervix displaced to the left is called

levoposition

— is when the cervix is midline while uterine body is flexed to the left is called

levoflexion

— is when the uterus and cervix displaced to the right is called

dextroposition

— is when the cervix is midline while uterine body is flexed to the right is called

dextroflexion

Congenial uterine anomalies are caused by improper formation, fusion, separation or absence of the

mullerian ducts

— demonstrates two separate uterine bodies, cervices and vaginal canals

uterine didelphys

— is a condition in which a body orifice or passage in the body is abnormally closed or absent

congenital occlusion of the vagina or subsequence adhesion of the walls of the vagina occluding it

The normal menstrual cycle lasts — days

28

— refers to the process that includes menarche, thelarche and other changes like pubic hair growth

Puberty

— refers to the onset of menstruation

Menarche

The — gland and — gland of the brain produce hormones that influence the ovaries

pituitary, hypothalamus

Progesterone stimulates the endometrial proliferation in the secretory phase, after ovulation occurs. T/F

T

Progesterone stimulates endometrial thickening in the secretory phase for possible implantation. T/F

T

Increasing progesterone levels with pregnancy cause the cervical mucous to "dry up" and the cervix to tighten leading to mucous plug formation. T/F

T

Estrogen stimulates the endometrium to thicken before ovulation. T/F

T

The sonographic appearance of a patient in day 8 of their menstrual cycle

early proliferative phase, day 5-8 = thin line

The sonographic appearance of a patient in day 13 of their menstrual cycle

later proliferative phase day 10-14 = thicker hypoechoic, 3 lines

The sonographic appearance of a patient in day 21 of their menstrual cycle

secretory phase, day 15-18 = thick hyperechoic

The dominant follicle normally reaches a maximum diameter of — just prior to ovulation

2.5-3 cm

Ovarian follicles grow at a rate of — mm per day prior to ovulation

2-3

Mittleschmertz refers to

the pain associated with ovulation

The corpus luteal cyst secretes — which helps maintain and develop the pregnancy

progesterone

If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum becomes

the corpus albicans

If fertilization does not occur, progesterone levels decrease and menses occurs. T/F

T

The corpus luteal cyst resolves completely by week — when the placenta takes over progesterone production

14-16

The bladder can sometimes push the ovaries out of the field of view on a transvaginal exam. If the bladder starts to refill during the TV exam, then what do you do

let the [patient empty and try to find the ovarian again