psit xray fundementals
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20 Terms
Q: What does the cathode do in an X-ray tube?
A: Produces electrons via thermionic emission from a heated filament.
Q: What is the function of the X-ray tube?
A: To convert electrical energy into X-rays via interaction of high-speed electrons with a metal target (anode).
Q: What is the function of the anode?
A: Stops high-speed electrons and converts their kinetic energy into X-rays and heat.
Q: Why is tungsten used in the anode?
A: High atomic number (efficient X-ray production) and high melting point (handles heat).
Q: What is thermionic emission?
A: Release of electrons from a heated filament.
Q: What is Bremsstrahlung radiation?
A: X-rays produced when electrons are decelerated by the nucleus of target atoms, producing a continuous spectrum.
Q: What is characteristic radiation?
A: X-rays produced when an inner-shell electron is ejected and replaced by an outer-shell electron, releasing energy at a specific wavelength.
Key difference between Bremsstrahlung and characteristic radiation?
A:
Bremsstrahlung → continuous spectrum
Characteristic → discrete energy peaks
Q: What percentage of electron energy becomes X-rays?
A: ~1% X-rays, ~99% heat
Why is heat production significant in X-ray tubes?
A: Excess heat can damage the anode, limiting exposure settings and tube lifespan.
Q: What is filtration in X-ray imaging?
A: Removal of low-energy X-rays to reduce patient dose and improve beam quality.
Q: Why are low-energy X-rays removed?
A: They increase patient dose without contributing to image formation.
Q: What is collimation?
A: Restricting the X-ray beam size to the area of interest.
Q: Why is collimation important?
A: Reduces patient dose and scatter radiation, improving image quality.
Q: What happens if collimation is not used properly?
Increased scatter → reduced image contrast + unnecessary patient dose.
Q: What does mA control?
A: Number of electrons → quantity of X-rays produced.
Q: What does exposure time affect?
A: Duration of X-ray production.
Q: What is mAs?
A: Product of mA × time → total X-ray quantity.
Q: What does kVp control?
A: Energy (penetrating power) of X-rays and image contrast.
Q: What is the effect of increasing kVp?
A:
Higher penetration
Lower contrast
Increased dose (generally)
