Mutualism and Symbiosis Concepts

Flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to mutualism and symbiosis as discussed in the lecture.

Mutualism

Interaction in which both species benefit (+/+).

Commensalism

Interaction that benefits one species but neither benefits nor harms the other (+/0).

Obligate Mutualism

Necessary for the survival of at least one of the participating species.

Facultative Mutualism

Interaction improves the fitness of one or both species but is not necessary for their continued existence.

Generalism

When at least one partner is able to swap and use a different species as its mutualistic partner.

Lichen

An example of symbiotic mutualism involving fungi and algae.

Fungi and Leafcutter Ants

In obligate mutualism, ants cultivate fungi for nourishment while fungi rely on ants for cultivation.

Pollination Generalist

A flowering plant that can benefit from pollination but does not require it for reproduction.

Gut Microbiota

Microbes in the digestive system that aid in food digestion and nutrient absorption.

Ants and Acacia Trees

Example of mutualism where the tree provides food and shelter to ants, and ants protect the tree from herbivores.

Clownfish and Sea Anemone

Example of mutualism where clownfish gain protection and the anemone receives cleaning and nutrients.

Facilitation

Interactions that benefit at least one species and may include commensalism.

Foundational Species

Species that facilitate large collections of other species by providing habitat and structural benefits.