B9 - Respiration

Aerobic Respiration Formula

Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP

Aerobic Respiration

- uses oxygen
- in the mitochondria
- constant
- exothermic

Aerobic Respiration Uses

transfers energy to the cell for
- muscle movement
- thermoregulation
- active transport
- making chemical reactions
- growth & respirations

How to Increase Oxygen Supply

- higher heart rate
- higher breathing rate
- higher breathing volume

Why does Breathing Rate/Depth Increase

- additional respiration
- for muscle cells
- for more energy
- to remove CO2 breathed in

Anareobic Respiration

respiration during vigorous exercise when there isn't enough oxygen / used for other causes
- without oxygen
- in the cytoplasm
- exothermic
- less energy than aerobic
- creates lactic acid

Anaerobic Respiration Formula

glucose --> lactic acid + energy
C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3

Oxygen Debt

the amount of oxygen required after physical exercise to convert / break down accumulated lactic acid to glucose

Metabolism

the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within an organism

The Formation of Lipid Molecules

- one molecule of glycerol joins with three fatty acids
- in the liver
- to store energy

Glucose + Nitrate Ions

- form amino acids
- used to synthesise proteins
- in the ribosomes
- to grow & repair

Conversion of Glucose to Glycogen

- animal
- storage of glucose
- in the liver of muscle cells

Conversion of Glucose to Starch

- plant
- long chains of glucose for storage
- made in photosynthesis

Conversion of Glucose to Cellulose

- plant
- chain of glucose
- to strengthen cell walls

Break Down of Excess Protein

- made into ammonia
- made into urea in the liver
- excreted

Fermentation in Yeast Cells

- anaerobic response
- produces alcohol and carbon dioxide

Lactic Acid

product of fermentation in many types of cells, including human muscle cells