meat production 1

the US meat industry includes

slaughtering, cutting, sausage, further processing

which state has the highest value in cattle

California

georgia is highest producing in

broilers

most slaughterhouses and meat packers are located in the

midwest

what state has the highest level of meat industry employment

texas

tyson includes

beef, chicken, pork

top meat and poultry companies

tyson, cargill, JBS

production and processing companies

tyson, hormel, national beef, smithfield, JBS

further processing companies

sara lee, oscar mayer, conagra foods, boards head

analytical food safety companies

FSNS, Deibel labs

wholesalers and retailers

publix, walmart, costco

commodity organizers

beef USA, the other white meat (discontinued), american sheep industry

by-product utilization

pet food - friskies, rendered fat

what animals are not native to the US

cattle, hogs, sheep

texas longhorns are direct descendants of

spanish cattle columbus brought to US in 1490s

in 1539, Desoto brought what animal to florida

hogs

what kicked off the meat packing industry

farmers in northeast took over meat trade england had with west indies

who was the nations first meat packer

william pynchon - 1662

where was the first public slaughter center and public auction

brighton market in boston

who proposed a more compassionate slaughter method

ben franklin with electrical stunning before blood draining

samuel wilson

uncle sams beef or pork - war of 1812

the first meat packing plant was in

1800s, cincinnati - porkopolis

packing plants moved to

chicago because of railroads

in 1870s-90s meat packing spread

westward near water for access to ice

1779

first cattle drive - herded to market

what was the driving force for canned meat

civil war

1906

the jungle book exposed unsanitary conditions which created federal meat inspection act

what caused meat industry to expand in 1900s

rainroads, refrigeration, large central markets

what is the purpose of meat grading

to assist in uniform supply of meat for consumers - promotion

what grades do you find in grocery stores and nice restaurants

prime, choice, select

what are all 8 grades of meat from highest to lowest

prime, choice, select, standard, commercial, utility, cutter, canner

what grades are found in food service

standard, commercial

what grades are typically old culls

utility, cutter, canner

1970’s

automation and boxed beef, utilization of by products

HACCP - 2000

hazard analysis and critical control points

veal

less than 5 months old

the only white meat is

poultry EX chicken turkey duck

mutton is

mature sheep

lamb is

young sheep - more popular

before covid, young adults

ate out 24x a month

in 2014-15

more ate out than at home

households spend more on food when

income increases

as income increases,

food represents a smaller portion of allocated funds because the wealthy are spending more on other things

the poor spend

a higher percent of income on food

developed countries are

tapped out on growth because they are already eating and have access to all meats - stays STATIC in growth

in developing countries

meat consumption grows faster as they get access to more meat

what are some reasons for shifts in per capita consumption

poultry is perceived as healthier, poultry adapted to consumer demands through uniformity and convenience

humans should eat a variety of

fruits and veggies, variety of grains, low sat fats

we should not be eating foods

high in calories and low in nutrients

humans should limit foods high in

saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol

the more active you are,

the more calories and fats you can eat

one serving of meat is about the size of a

deck of cards

if you eat 1600 - 2200 cals a day how much meat can you eat

2 5 ounce servings

if you eat 2800 cals a day how much meat can you eat

3 7 ounce servings

research by doctors, nutritionists, food scientists hav reported no connections between

fresh meat and heart-related issues in humans

what are some nutrients derived from meat

iron, b12, zinc, selenium, niacin, b6

amino acid profile of defatted meat is best

food to meet requirements of humans

how should you prepare you meat so that it is healthier

trim fat, remove chicken skin, minimize processed meats, eat lean

has meat become leaner or fattier in the last 20 years

leaner due to selective breeeding

what macronutrients are found in meat

water, protein, fat, carbs

how much water can be found in meat

72%

how much protein does meat contain

20%

how much fat does meat contain

7%

what is the least amount of nutrient in meat

carbs with less than 1%

water and fat percentages in meat vary

inversely

protein functions

builds and maintains body tissues

protein is made of

amino acids; basic building blocks of all protein

proteins hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes into

amino acids

hydrolysis

cleavage of chemical bonds and addition of H2O

fat has ____ more energy per unit of weight than carbs or protein

2.25

what are the 2 types of fat

sat fats, unsaturated fats

saturated fats

meat fats, coconut oil, contribute to heart disease

unsaturated double bonds are

good. Monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, olive oil

carbohydrates are so low in meat because

carbs are used by the animal as an energy souce

why does glucose (the carb found in meat) remain there

glycogen converts to lactic acid postmortem which remains in the meat

what are the 2 types of vitamins

fat soluble and water soluble

fat soluble vitamins include

A,D,E,K

water soluble vitamins are

B complex

meat is not a good source of

fat soluble vitamins, but great source of B complex

what kind of B vitamin can only be found in animal products

B12

iron from beef is called

heme iron and is more easily used by your body than iron from plants

if meat and veg are eaten together,

the iron from the meat will increase absorbency of iron from veg

B-1 vitamins contribute to

normal nervous system

pork has 10x more

thiamin than other meats

b-2 promotes

healthy skin and eyes, good vision

B-6 assists with

biochemical reactions involving amino acids and proteins

B-12 is required for

DNA synthesis

niacin promotes

healthy nervous and digestive system

zinc promotes

digestion of protein and synthesis of collagen, cell replication for wound healing, appetite

zinc is readily available for

absorption from meat

phosphorus is needed for

strong teeth, strong bones, assimilation of calcium, mineral balance

cholesterol can only be found in

animal products

cholesterol is essential for

cell walls, hormone synthesis, bile acids, vitamin D production

if you do not eat cholesterol,

your body will make it

the average person consumes 300 mg cholesterol per day and the

body makes 700 mg per day

we absorb

35% of dietary cholesterol per day

3 oz of cooked beef means you absorb

29 mg

which meat is lowest in cholesterol

fish

what meat has the highest cholesterol

chicken breast

what factors besides meat fat contribute to heart disease

heredity, lack of exercise, obesity, drug use