APUSH Unit 4

Democratic-Republicans

Idea of nation of self sustaining farmers (agrarianism)., Wanted to limit government power, and achieved this by abolishing the whiskey tax, minimizing the military, and reducing the number of federal jobs. 

Federalist

Strong central government, nationalistic, conservative ideas

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Thomas Jefferson sent James Monroe to France to secure trading rights on Mississippi, but France offered the entire territory for 15 million, which Monroe agreed to and doubled the size of the US.

Contradictory to Jefferson’s belief about limited government power and strict constructionism (gov can only do what is explicitly stated in the constitution.

Marbury V Madison

Established the principle of judicial review, giving the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional. The case arose when William Marbury sued for his commission as a federal judge, which James Madison refused to deliver. Chief Justice John Marshall’s ruling strengthened the judicial branch’s role as a check on the other branches of government.

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Confirmed the supremacy of federal law over state law and upheld the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the United States under the Necessary and Proper Clause. Maryland had attempted to tax the national bank, but the Court ruled states could not interfere with federal institutions. The decision expanded federal power and reinforced the implied powers of Congress.

The Embargo act of 1807

The act prevented American ships from leaving their ports until Britain and France stopped seizing them. This ended up harming the economy more than benefiting

Non-Intercourse Act of 1808

Lifted embargoes on trade with all countries except Britain and France

War of 1812

Initiated by impressment of American citizens to serve in the British navy and British aid to Indians who were attacking westward migrating settlers.

War Hawks in Congress were eager to go to war with Britain and succeed in the effort.

New England Federalists opposed war 

America won the war, and nationalism increased

The victory of the US led to the demise of the Federalist Party because it framed them as being out of touch with the needs of a modern nation.

Henry Clay’s American System

Federal funded internal improvements (Helps farmers/merchants)

Federal tariffs (helps manufacturers)

Second Bank of the United States (Keeps economy stable with national currency

Cause: Improved roads and cheap land

Effect: Americans began settling the frontier in greater numbers, which lead to increased disputes about slavery.  

Missouri & slave stuff context

Missouri applied for statehood, and settlers had thousands of slaves and it was assumed that Missouri would enter as a slave state. This would ruin the balance between 11 slave and 11 free states.

The Tallmadge Amendment

Banned slavery in Missouri after 25 years which enraged Southern representatives because they feared that if this legislation were passed, it would lead to the dissolution of slavery in their states.

Henry Clay Missouri Compromise/Compromise of 1820

Missouri would be admitted to the Union as a slave state but Maine would be admitted as a free state and the balance would be maintained.

Treaty of Ghent

Ended War of 1812

Spain, Andrew Jackson, and Florida Territory

Spain was having trouble governing Florida because they had to focus on rebellion in their Southern American colonies. James Monroe sent Andrew Jackson to Florida in 1817 to handle the issue, but to avoid war with Spain, Monroe ordered Jackson not to engage directly with Spanish forces and protect the American border. Jackson attacked and killed Spanish and British settlers, which enraged Britian and Spain, but they decided to forgive the US to avoid war.

Adams-Onis treaty 

Spain sold Florida territory to the US negotiated by John Adams

Monroe Doctrine

Prevented European intervention in the Western Hemisphere