FE Exam 1

definition of victimology

The study of victims and their experiences, including interacting with offenders.

Person Crimes

victimizing another person

Vice Crimes

those crimes made unlawful as the result of a community’s moral stance on issues

Property Crimes

damaging or destructing property

define interrogation

Questioning an individual who is suspected of committing a crime

define interview

Questioning or talking to an individual who is believed to have information regarding some incident or crime.

Be able to recognize Locards exchange principle is in FE

First to examine and categorize evidence linking evidence and suspect’s presence at the scene of the crime. idea that every contact between two items leaves a trace

what are 3 types of witnesses

Primary, secondary, and Eyewitnesses

Define solvability factors regarding investigation. why is it important

Those pieces of information or evidence that provide adequate information to move an investigation from the preliminary to the follow-up stage. Examples include pictures of a suspect or the tag number from a car involved in a crime, a viable way to identify stolen property.

defintion of CSI effect

general belief by laypeople and some in the criminal justice system that they know a good deal more about forensic science and technology than they actually do

2 types of characteristics of evidence

individual and class

Individual characterstics

Narrow down the class characteristic that put an item into a group of objects to one emanating from a single source

class characteristics

Those attributes of an item that place it within a broader group of objects.

what are 4 types of searches

spiral, grid, strip, and zone

what is a spiral search?

starts at a central location and works its way outward in an expanding circle shape

what is a grid search?

two overlapping strip searches. Investigators first conduct a strip search in one direction across the scene, then perform a second strip search perpendicular to the first. good for complex areas

what is zone search?

dividing a large or complex crime scene into smaller, more manageable sections

what is a strip search?

moving in parallel lines across a designated area

2 most common methods of documenting a crime scene

Photography and sketching

What is a Latent Print

Visible print after powder is applied to the residue from oils of the hand

Duties of a crime scene technician

locate, document, and collect evidence at the various scene locations. they do not perform police duties because they are civilians

What is social control?

The use of sanctions by individuals or institutions to guide or control behavior through the informal means of socialization or the formal means of the external sanctions by government agencies.

What is the human memory phases and what are the three things that can affect certain parts of the memory

1. During the encoding stage, the following factors may influence the accuracy of the info obtained

• Circumstances like lighting conditions and the duration of event

• Characteristics of witnesses may also have an effect, like fear, expectations, knowledge, age, physical conditions, and gender

2. During the storage stage, misleading or inaccurate info obtained at time of event and length of time asses may inhibit memory

3. Retrieval occurs when the mental record or the “file” is activated

What is Social Learning Theory

Learning through observing and imitating others, especially admired individuals

Know what mens rea is?

Knowledge or intent to commit the crime.

What is the Miranda Warning

Advisement of rights given by the police to a criminal suspect prior to questioning. 5th and 6th amendment

Local police agencies: what is it they require to become investigator

• Make decisions and organize extensive amount of information

• Ordinarily, Patrol uniformed officers can become investigators

• Hired from a police or sheriff’s department

• Trained at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers (FLETC)

What is rational thinking?

type of thinking we do with reflection and while gathering information to reason our way to a conclusion about something

4th amendment

prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures

5th amendment

right against self-incrimination, the right to due process, and the protection against being tried twice for the same crime.

steps to get a statement from a witness

establish a trust, ask open ended questions, document statements, verify information, protect witness identities

RMP

generalization “everybody does it”

Building rapport, what is the process like

Active Listening

Empathy

Positive Tone and Language

Mirroring and Matching

Personalization

Hypnosis definition and how is it used and used in trial

an altered state of consciousness that is chactertizreized by an increase reponiveness to suggestion. used to recal details of a crime

Exculpatory evidence

any evidence that is favorable to a defendant in a criminal trial, helping to prove their innocence or reduce their culpability.

Chain of command

list of all people who came in contact with evidence

What FE is used to establish between three different things

Forensic Linkage Triangle between suspect, victims, and scene

Least reliable type of evidence, but used in establishing proof.

Eyewitness statements

Definton of cognitive interviewing, what is the process like

encourages the witness to recall the context of the observed event and search though his or her memory

developed as a method of eliciting greater depth of detail and recall by having a subject talk about an entire episode or even activities during the day prior to the event in question

Reasons why investigators rule confessions inadmissible in court

If they have not been given the Miranda warning

Interrogations: how should they treat ppl who they interview

they should be fair

Most powerful evidence of guilt in a criminal trial

DNA