7 - Programming Languages

4 ways to group languages?

1. Method of Execution

2. Core flow of data

3. Level of abstraction

4. Generation

Which language group is the “programming paradigm”?

Core flow of data

Subsection of Method of Execution?

Compiled and Interpreted

Which Method of Execution converts human readable text into machine code?

Compiled

Which method of execution language type may convert your code into lower level language?

Compiled

Just-In-Time compilation is a type of what method of execution?

Interpreted

What type of language is used if the computer converts gfortran → gcc

Compiled

What types of Interpreted languages are there?

Just-in-time compilation and Scripting languages

What does a scripting language do?

cause compiled functions to run… basically run machine code that already existed

What are the 5 types of language in the programming paradigm?

1. Imperative

2. Declarative

3. Procedural

4. Functional

5. Object Oriented

Which language type (in the programming paradigm) is most closely related to the CPU operations?

Imperative

T/F, Imperative statements have side-effects?

True

T/F, Declarative statements have side effects?

False

Difference between Imperative and Declarative in terms of machine states?

Imperative statements change state of machine. Declarative describes the state, doesn’t change it

Examples of Imperative languages?

C, Fortran, JavaScript, Python

Examples of Declarative?

HTML, Lisp, Haskell, Prolog, SQL

Approach of all modern CPUs?

Procedural

What does procedural describe about data?

how data changes and what to do next

How is Functional different than procedural?

Functions don’t change values passed to them

T/F. Functional languages (example?) are imperative.

False. Functional languages are declarative.. Excel

What is an “object” in object oriented languages?

data with code

How does OO differ from procedural?

Procedural - Data independent of procedures

OO - data and procedure tied together

Examples of OO languages?

Python, C++, C#, VB, Java

What kind of code has zero abstraction?

Machine code. lowest level.

T/F. ANy language above machine code is High level abstraction.

True. must be converted to byte code prior to execution

What is a Heap?

virtual memory space of process/program

How does a function handle machine code? What does it do with memory control?

Executes chunks of machine code. Returns control to previous area of memory/function.

Where is the Heap allocated?

Mapped to real memory as requested

What does the data of a process get stored?

Heap

What is FIFO?

First In First Out. Area of memory

How to fill and empty FIFO?

Calling functions fills it. Return functions empties it

Stack Pointers and Memory Protection use what kind of storage/register fill?

FIFO

What language is final stage of higher level languages?

Assembly

Closest language to machine code in human readable form?

Assembly