AP World History Final

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Units 1-4.3. Based on Ms. Arine's study guide and Quizizz. Best if answered with definition and on easy grading.

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170 Terms

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System of government employed by the Song Dynasty
meritocracy and the civil service exam
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3 maritime advancements in post-colonial China
compass, redesigned ships that carried more cargo, and printed paper navigation charts
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Different religions in China from 1200-1450
Buddhism, Daoism, and Neo-Confucianism
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Different types of Buddhism
Theravada, Mahayana, Tibetan, Chan, Zen
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Syncretic religion
blending of two or more religions
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Buddhism
belief in the Four Noble Truths, the Eight-fold path, and the precepts that can lead to nirvana
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Daoism
religion that believes nature ultimately controls how things change
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Neo-confucianism
syncretic faith that combines Daoism and Buddhism, emphasizes ethics rather than the mysteries of God and nature
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Theravada Buddhism
focused on personal spiritual growth through silent meditation and self-discipline, strongest in Southeast Asia
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Mahayana Buddhism
focused on spiritual growth for all beings and on service, strongest in China and Korea
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Tibetan Buddhism
focused on chanting
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Chan/Zen Buddhism
emphasized directly experience and meditation as opposed to formal learning based on studying scripture
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The Four Noble Truths
stress the idea that personal suffering can be alleviated by eliminating cravings or desires and by following Buddhist precepts
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The Precepts
right speech, right livelihood, right effort, and right mindfulness
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What groups invaded the Abbasid empire?
Egyptian Mamluks, Seljuk Turks, Crusaders, and Mongols
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Egyptian Mamluks
enslaved people Arabs purchased, often ethnic Turks from Central Asia, served as soldiers and later bureaucrats
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Seljuk Turks
Central Asian Muslims, conquered parts of the Middle East to Western China
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Crusaders
European Christians organized groups of soldiers to reopen access to holy sites in Jerusalem that were limited by the Abbasids
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Mongols
Central Asian conquerors that took the remaining Abbasid Empire in 1258 and ended Seljuk rule, they pushed West until they were stopped by Mamluks in Egypt
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Mamluk Sultanate
Mamluks seized control of the government and created this, funded by trade
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Status of Islamic Women in Dar al Islam
higher status than other Christians and Jews at the time, allowed to inherit property, remarry, etc.
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Impact of Rajput kingdoms
led by leaders of numerous clans who were often at war with each other, so no centralized government in Northern India
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Impact of Delhi Sultanate
brought Islam to India, decentralized government; no efficient bureaucracy, and tension between Islam and Buddhism
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Islam’s affect on Hinduism
Islam entered India forcefully and tried to convert people; it attracted low-caste Hindus because of the emphasis on equality for all believers, much tension between the two religions
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Qutub Minar
Delhi Sultanate built elaborate mosque on top of a Hindu temple and used materials from various religious shrines
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Bhakti movement and Sufism similarities
mystical movements, with less emphasis on a strict adherence to traditional rituals and beliefs, appealed to people outside their religions, Sufis spread Islam/Bhaktis spread Hinduism
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Southeast Asian land-based empires
Sinhala dynasties, Khmer Empire, Sukhothai Kingdom
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Southeast Asian sea-based empires
Srivijaya Empire and Majapahit Kingdom
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Sinhala dynasties
Sri Lanka, rooted in the arrival of early merchants from India, very Buddhist
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Khmer Empire
wealthy because of complex irrigation and drainage systems, Buddhist and Hindu, created Angkor Wat, capital at Angkor Thom
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Sukhothai Kingdom
Thai, forced Khmers out
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Srivijaya Empire
Hindu kingdom based on Sumatra, built up navy and became wealthy by charging fees for ships traveling between India and China
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Majapahit Kingdom
Buddhist kingdom based on Java, 98 tributaries at height, sustained power by controlling sea routes
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Government structure of Mayan empire
city-state
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Unique thing about social standing in Mississippian culture
matrilineal society
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matrilineal society
social standing is determined bt the woman’s side of the family
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city-state
a city and its surrounding territory ruled by a king
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Aztec capital
Tenochtitlán
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Why Tenochtitlán is unique
it’s on an island in the middle of a swamp and was one of the largest cities in the world at the time
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Agricultural methods of Mesoamerican societies
chinampas and waru waru
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political structure of Kingdom of Mali
centralized trading society founded by Sundiata. Sundiata used his connections with others of his faith to establish trade relationships.
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slavery of Sub-Saharan Africa
prisoners of war, debtors, and criminals often enslaved and forced to do agricultural and house work
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Role of Catholic Church in Medieval times
most powerful institution in Europe divided into hundreds of small political states
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effects of the Crusades
cultural exchange between Europe and the Middle East
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economic advancements during the period of networks and exchange
money economies, flying cash, banking houses, Hanseatic league, bill of exchange
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cultural consequences of networks of exchange
diffusion of goods, people, ideas, technological advancements like gunpowder, literary works like those of Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta
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environmental consequences of networks of exchange
introduced food to new places and spread the bubonic plague
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how Russia expanded from 1540-1750
allowed strogonivs to hire cossacks to fight the local tribes and the Siberian khan, gained control of Volga river
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How the Ottoman Empire expanded from 1540-1750
used vast military knowledge and increased use of gunpowder weapons
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what led to end of feudal Europe
monarchies that created large bureaucracies and overpowered
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maritime empires during age of exploration
Great Britain, Portugal, Spain, France, Holland
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how the Omani-European rivalry affected Columbus
Europeans faced competition from Middle Eastern traders in Indian-ocean trade so this explorer looked for a new route to India
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Goods exchanged from the Americas
sugar, tobacco, rum
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Goods exchanged from Africa
enslaved people
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Goods exchanged from Asia
silk, spice, rhubarb
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Negative effects of the Columbian exchange
disease on native populations, forced labor, transatlantic slave trade
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impact of smallpox on native populations
about half of the population died because they didn’t have any previous exposure to the disease
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cash crop
foods grown for sale not subsistence
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examples of cash crops
sugar and tobacco
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how African culture existed in the Americas after colonization
creole language, new music like jazz, and food like gumbo
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Which of the following was most responsible for the initial spread of Islam in West Africa?
Merchants on the trans-saharan trade routes
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Term “Samurai” describes men in feudal Japan who were most like the men in feudal europe known as
Knights
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After the expansion of Islam into Africa, an organized Christian presence remained in 
Egypt and Ethiopia
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Describe the political system of Western Europe during the period of 1000-1300
Multiple monarchies
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The founder of Buddhism developed a religion centered on
Elimination of desire and suffering
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Describe the political system of China during the period 1000-1300
It maintained a single empire
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Religious systems characterized by monotheism combined with a sacred text and a strong missionary thrust
Christianity and Islam
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Similarity between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
They recognize the existence of Adam and Moses
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Chinese “Mandate of Heaven” was used to justify 
revolution
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Spread of Bantu-speaking peoples over southern Africa can best be explained by their
Knowledge of agriculture
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Staple crop associated with rise of mesoamerican civilization
Maize
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Responsibility of aristocratic women in feudal Japan and medieval Europe
Managing households supplies and finances
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Judaism is based on the belief that
there is a covenant between God and the Hebrew people
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\n Main reason that Buddhism had important social implications for South Asia
Challenged hierarchies based on caste
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Similarity between Ottomans and Aztecs in 900-1500 CE
Nomadic groups that migrated to already settled regions and conquered
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Key philosophical and religious element of Daoism
Emphasis on harmony between humanity and nature
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improved technology of camel saddles led to
Increased volume of trade and expansion of distance of Trans-saharan trade
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pattern of change as the Mongol empires expanded
Introducing new weapons and styles of warfare, welcomed and protected foreigners, improved infrastructure
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Introduction of bananas to Africa from indonesia is an example of
The environmental effects of networks of exchange
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Similarity of silk roads, indian ocean, and trans-saharan trade
Gave rise to powerful trading cities
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2 trading cities of the Silk Road
Samarkand and Kashgar
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\n Most significant cause of growth of cities in Afro-Eurasion 1000-1450
Increased interregional trade
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Effects of growth and security of Silk roads
Banking systems, caravanserai, money over bartering 
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Most directly contributed to the decline of Eurasian populations during the 14th century
Epidemic disease
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Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca is an example of
The expansion of Islam through Afro-Eurasia
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As Mongol empires expanded they encouraged trade by
Making silk roads safer
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The concept of divine right of kings is most closely associated with which of these European monarchs?
King Louis XIV
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Which monarch defeated the Spanish Armada?
Elizabeth I
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peasants that were bound to the land and had little freedom in Russia
serfs
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Who did the Ming Dynasty overthrow?
Yuan Dynasty
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the year in which Constantinople was captured by the Ottomans
1453
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The Safavid empire was famous for trading what?
Carpet
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What was one effect of this act?
What was one effect of this act?
The influence of the Catholic Church declined.
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Elizabeth I supported Protestantism in England by
making the Anglican Church the official national church
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What was the main consequence of Safavid expansion?
war against the Ottomans for 100 years
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Which religious group was most affected when the Edict of Nantes was revoked?
Protestants living in France
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What most directly led to the collapse of the Byzantine Empire in the fifteenth century?
expansion of the Ottoman Empire
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This Japanese political office ruled as effective dictator of Japan through military might.
shogun
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Name the founder of the Safavid Empire
Shah Ismail I
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What invention helped to spread the information of the Reformation?
printing press