AP World History Final

Units 1-4.3. Based on Ms. Arine's study guide and Quizizz. Best if answered with definition and on easy grading.

System of government employed by the Song Dynasty

System of government employed by the Song Dynasty

meritocracy and the civil service exam

3 maritime advancements in post-colonial China

compass, redesigned ships that carried more cargo, and printed paper navigation charts

Different religions in China from 1200-1450

Buddhism, Daoism, and Neo-Confucianism

Different types of Buddhism

Theravada, Mahayana, Tibetan, Chan, Zen

Syncretic religion

blending of two or more religions

Buddhism

belief in the Four Noble Truths, the Eight-fold path, and the precepts that can lead to nirvana

Daoism

religion that believes nature ultimately controls how things change

Neo-confucianism

syncretic faith that combines Daoism and Buddhism, emphasizes ethics rather than the mysteries of God and nature

Theravada Buddhism

focused on personal spiritual growth through silent meditation and self-discipline, strongest in Southeast Asia

Mahayana Buddhism

focused on spiritual growth for all beings and on service, strongest in China and Korea

Tibetan Buddhism

focused on chanting

Chan/Zen Buddhism

emphasized directly experience and meditation as opposed to formal learning based on studying scripture

The Four Noble Truths

stress the idea that personal suffering can be alleviated by eliminating cravings or desires and by following Buddhist precepts

The Precepts

right speech, right livelihood, right effort, and right mindfulness

What groups invaded the Abbasid empire?

Egyptian Mamluks, Seljuk Turks, Crusaders, and Mongols

Egyptian Mamluks

enslaved people Arabs purchased, often ethnic Turks from Central Asia, served as soldiers and later bureaucrats

Seljuk Turks

Central Asian Muslims, conquered parts of the Middle East to Western China

Crusaders

European Christians organized groups of soldiers to reopen access to holy sites in Jerusalem that were limited by the Abbasids

Mongols

Central Asian conquerors that took the remaining Abbasid Empire in 1258 and ended Seljuk rule, they pushed West until they were stopped by Mamluks in Egypt

Mamluk Sultanate

Mamluks seized control of the government and created this, funded by trade

Status of Islamic Women in Dar al Islam

higher status than other Christians and Jews at the time, allowed to inherit property, remarry, etc.

Impact of Rajput kingdoms

led by leaders of numerous clans who were often at war with each other, so no centralized government in Northern India

Impact of Delhi Sultanate

brought Islam to India, decentralized government; no efficient bureaucracy, and tension between Islam and Buddhism

Islam’s affect on Hinduism

Islam entered India forcefully and tried to convert people; it attracted low-caste Hindus because of the emphasis on equality for all believers, much tension between the two religions

Qutub Minar

Delhi Sultanate built elaborate mosque on top of a Hindu temple and used materials from various religious shrines

Bhakti movement and Sufism similarities

mystical movements, with less emphasis on a strict adherence to traditional rituals and beliefs, appealed to people outside their religions, Sufis spread Islam/Bhaktis spread Hinduism

Southeast Asian land-based empires

Sinhala dynasties, Khmer Empire, Sukhothai Kingdom

Southeast Asian sea-based empires

Srivijaya Empire and Majapahit Kingdom

Sinhala dynasties

Sri Lanka, rooted in the arrival of early merchants from India, very Buddhist

Khmer Empire

wealthy because of complex irrigation and drainage systems, Buddhist and Hindu, created Angkor Wat, capital at Angkor Thom

Sukhothai Kingdom

Thai, forced Khmers out

Srivijaya Empire

Hindu kingdom based on Sumatra, built up navy and became wealthy by charging fees for ships traveling between India and China

Majapahit Kingdom

Buddhist kingdom based on Java, 98 tributaries at height, sustained power by controlling sea routes

Government structure of Mayan empire

city-state

Unique thing about social standing in Mississippian culture

matrilineal society

matrilineal society

social standing is determined bt the woman’s side of the family

city-state

a city and its surrounding territory ruled by a king

Aztec capital

Tenochtitlán

Why Tenochtitlán is unique

it’s on an island in the middle of a swamp and was one of the largest cities in the world at the time

Agricultural methods of Mesoamerican societies

chinampas and waru waru

political structure of Kingdom of Mali

centralized trading society founded by Sundiata. Sundiata used his connections with others of his faith to establish trade relationships.

slavery of Sub-Saharan Africa

prisoners of war, debtors, and criminals often enslaved and forced to do agricultural and house work

Role of Catholic Church in Medieval times

most powerful institution in Europe divided into hundreds of small political states

effects of the Crusades

cultural exchange between Europe and the Middle East

economic advancements during the period of networks and exchange

money economies, flying cash, banking houses, Hanseatic league, bill of exchange

cultural consequences of networks of exchange

diffusion of goods, people, ideas, technological advancements like gunpowder, literary works like those of Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta

environmental consequences of networks of exchange

introduced food to new places and spread the bubonic plague

how Russia expanded from 1540-1750

allowed strogonivs to hire cossacks to fight the local tribes and the Siberian khan, gained control of Volga river

How the Ottoman Empire expanded from 1540-1750

used vast military knowledge and increased use of gunpowder weapons

what led to end of feudal Europe

monarchies that created large bureaucracies and overpowered

maritime empires during age of exploration

Great Britain, Portugal, Spain, France, Holland

how the Omani-European rivalry affected Columbus

Europeans faced competition from Middle Eastern traders in Indian-ocean trade so this explorer looked for a new route to India

Goods exchanged from the Americas

sugar, tobacco, rum

Goods exchanged from Africa

enslaved people

Goods exchanged from Asia

silk, spice, rhubarb

Negative effects of the Columbian exchange

disease on native populations, forced labor, transatlantic slave trade

impact of smallpox on native populations

about half of the population died because they didn’t have any previous exposure to the disease

cash crop

foods grown for sale not subsistence

examples of cash crops

sugar and tobacco

how African culture existed in the Americas after colonization

creole language, new music like jazz, and food like gumbo

Which of the following was most responsible for the initial spread of Islam in West Africa?

Merchants on the trans-saharan trade routes

Term “Samurai” describes men in feudal Japan who were most like the men in feudal europe known as

Knights

After the expansion of Islam into Africa, an organized Christian presence remained in

Egypt and Ethiopia

Describe the political system of Western Europe during the period of 1000-1300

Multiple monarchies

The founder of Buddhism developed a religion centered on

Elimination of desire and suffering

Describe the political system of China during the period 1000-1300

It maintained a single empire

Religious systems characterized by monotheism combined with a sacred text and a strong missionary thrust

Christianity and Islam

Similarity between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

They recognize the existence of Adam and Moses

Chinese “Mandate of Heaven” was used to justify

revolution

Spread of Bantu-speaking peoples over southern Africa can best be explained by their

Knowledge of agriculture

Staple crop associated with rise of mesoamerican civilization

Maize

Responsibility of aristocratic women in feudal Japan and medieval Europe

Managing households supplies and finances

Judaism is based on the belief that

there is a covenant between God and the Hebrew people

\n Main reason that Buddhism had important social implications for South Asia

Challenged hierarchies based on caste

Similarity between Ottomans and Aztecs in 900-1500 CE

Nomadic groups that migrated to already settled regions and conquered

Key philosophical and religious element of Daoism

Emphasis on harmony between humanity and nature

improved technology of camel saddles led to

Increased volume of trade and expansion of distance of Trans-saharan trade

pattern of change as the Mongol empires expanded

Introducing new weapons and styles of warfare, welcomed and protected foreigners, improved infrastructure

Introduction of bananas to Africa from indonesia is an example of

The environmental effects of networks of exchange

Similarity of silk roads, indian ocean, and trans-saharan trade

Gave rise to powerful trading cities

2 trading cities of the Silk Road

Samarkand and Kashgar

\n Most significant cause of growth of cities in Afro-Eurasion 1000-1450

Increased interregional trade

Effects of growth and security of Silk roads

Banking systems, caravanserai, money over bartering

Most directly contributed to the decline of Eurasian populations during the 14th century

Epidemic disease

Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca is an example of

The expansion of Islam through Afro-Eurasia

As Mongol empires expanded they encouraged trade by

Making silk roads safer

The concept of divine right of kings is most closely associated with which of these European monarchs?

King Louis XIV

Which monarch defeated the Spanish Armada?

Elizabeth I

peasants that were bound to the land and had little freedom in Russia

serfs

Who did the Ming Dynasty overthrow?

Yuan Dynasty

the year in which Constantinople was captured by the Ottomans

1453

The Safavid empire was famous for trading what?

Carpet

What was one effect of this act?

The influence of the Catholic Church declined.

Elizabeth I supported Protestantism in England by

making the Anglican Church the official national church

What was the main consequence of Safavid expansion?

war against the Ottomans for 100 years

Which religious group was most affected when the Edict of Nantes was revoked?

Protestants living in France

What most directly led to the collapse of the Byzantine Empire in the fifteenth century?

expansion of the Ottoman Empire

This Japanese political office ruled as effective dictator of Japan through military might.

shogun

Name the founder of the Safavid Empire

Shah Ismail I

What invention helped to spread the information of the Reformation?

printing press