Unit 4: American Political Ideologies and Beliefs -AP Gov and Politics

Core Values and Beliefs

• individualism

• equal opportunity

• free enterprise

• rule of law

• limited government

Individualism

person right and ability to shape their life and choices

Equality of Opportunity

all people have a chance to compete

Free Enterprise

capitalism: market determines prices products, and services

Rule of Law

people and authorities must follow the same law that governs

Political Socialization

individuals develop their own political values and attitudes

Globalization

buisness cultures gov becomes connected one another and is interdependent across the globe

Political Ideology

set beliefs and values about role of gov, individual rights, and econ

Generational Effects

historical events experienced that develops political ideologies

Life Cycle Effects

different life/age stages of individual experience

Scientific Poll

a survey that uses a random and unbiased approach to measure public opinion

Opinion Polls

measure public attitudes, preference and beliefs towards a political issue

Benchmark Polls

survey by a political campaign before candidate announces their run

Tracking Polls

surveys are repeated daily to measure public opinion, campaign, and candidate support

Entrance Polls

survey by campaign or media as voters come at polling locations

Exit Polls

surveys on election day by interviewing random sample of voters after ballots

Polling Methodology

scientific way to measure public opinion by using a survey of a sample of population

Margin Error

statistics to measure accuracy of a poll

Neutral Framing of Question

unbiased survey to prevent leading responses

Scientific Polling

measures public opinion using random samples

Mass Survey

measures public opinion by interviewing a large sample of population

Focus Group

small demographic diverse targeted group to discuss political candidates, policies, campaigns

Sampling Error

predict difference between opinion by a sample of entire population

Reliability and Veracity

dependability and trustworthy of public opinions in a poll

Liberal Ideological Positions

rights on individuals, liberty, consent to govern, political equality

Conservative Ideological Positions

limited gov intervention in econ strong national defense, and traditional social values

Platforms

principles and goals outline a political party on issues

Libertarian Ideologies

belief that values minimal gov intervention in econ and social

Keynesian Economics

gov intervention with lowering taxes and spending

Supply-side Economics

fiscal policy advocates econ growth by lowering taxes, deregulation and decrease gov spend

Fiscal Policy

federal budget to tax and spend to influence the economy

Monetary Policy

actions by Federal Reserve to manage money supply and interest rate

Federal Reserve (The Fed)

independent bank of US

Social Issues

abortion, education, gun rights, LGBTQ+ rights, healthcare

Democratic Ideals

natural rights, popular sovereignty, limited gov, social contract, republicanism