Unit 10 History

Where was Reagan governor?

He served as the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975 before becoming president.

What policies will Reagan be remembered for?

Reagan's policies are remembered for their focus on reducing the size and role of government, stimulating economic growth through tax cuts, and confronting communism aggressively.

Reagan’s three Supreme Court picks:

Reagan appointed three justices to the Supreme Court: Sandra Day O’Connor (the first woman on the Court), Antonin Scalia (known for his originalist views), and Anthony Kennedy (often a swing vote).

What was the Reagan Doctrine?

The Reagan Doctrine was a strategy of supporting anti-communist insurgents and movements around the world to roll back Soviet influence.

Which two countries were involved in the Reagan Doctrine?

As part of the Reagan Doctrine, the U.S. supported anti-communist efforts in Afghanistan (against the Soviet Union) and Nicaragua (against the Sandinistas).

Who did the Contras battle against?

The Contras, a U.S.-backed rebel group, fought against the Sandinistas, who were the communist government in Nicaragua.

What did the US sell in the Iran-Contra Affair?

In the Iran-Contra Affair, the U.S. secretly sold weapons to Iran, which was under an arms embargo.

Part of the goal of the Iran-Contra Affair was to free:

One goal of the Iran-Contra Affair was to secure the release of American hostages held by Iranian-backed groups in Lebanon.

Iran-Contra Affair: It directly violated whose orders?

The Iran-Contra Affair involved actions that violated the Boland Amendment, which was a series of restrictions passed by Congress limiting U.S. assistance to the Contras in Nicaragua.

What did the SDI involve the creation of?

The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) proposed the creation of a space-based missile defense system to protect the U.S. from nuclear attacks.

What was the SDI's nickname?

The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) was nicknamed "Star Wars" due to its futuristic and space-based nature.

Glasnost and Perestroika were:

Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring) were reform policies introduced by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to modernize the Soviet Union.

The INF Treaty was signed between who?

The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty was a landmark arms control agreement signed by the United States and the Soviet Union, eliminating intermediate-range nuclear missiles.

Three monumental occurrences in 1989:

1989 saw the fall of the Berlin Wall, the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe, and the Tiananmen Square protests in China.

The Berlin Wall fell due to the fall of Soviet control in:

The fall of the Berlin Wall was a consequence of the weakening of Soviet control over Eastern European countries.

Tiananmen Square protest was due to a call for:

The Tiananmen Square protests were primarily driven by students and intellectuals calling for democratic reforms and greater freedoms in China.

What year did the Cold War end?

The Cold War is generally considered to have ended in 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

“Reaganomics” is also known as:

“Reaganomics” is an economic policy based on supply-side economics, which includes tax cuts, deregulation, and reduced government spending to stimulate economic growth. It's also referred to as trickle-down economics because it assumes benefits to businesses and investors will trickle down to the rest of the economy.

Reaganomics pros & cons:

Reaganomics had PROS: Lower inflation and economic growth but also CONS: Increased deficit and wealth gap.

Three things Reagan deregulated:

Reagan pursued deregulation in the banking, telecommunications, and environmental protection sectors.

Keynesian economics suggested:

Keynesian economics suggests that government spending can stimulate economic growth by increasing demand and creating jobs.

Unemployment from 1981–1989 under Reagan:

During Reagan's presidency, the unemployment rate decreased from over 10% in 1981 to around 5.3% in 1989.

What was Reagan’s response to being shot?

After being shot, Reagan joked, "Honey, I forgot to duck," displaying his characteristic optimism and humor.

Three actions by Reagan that caused the Cold War to end:

Reagan contributed to ending the Cold War through working with Gorbachev, increased military spending, and creating SDI.

Bush 41’s initial response to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait:

In response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, Bush 41 formed a military coalition known as Operation Desert Shield to protect Saudi Arabia and prepare for potential military action.

Operation Desert Storm / Kuwait: What did the US successfully accomplish?

During Operation Desert Storm, the U.S. successfully liberated Kuwait from Iraqi forces.

Why did Bush lose the 1992 election?

Bush lost the 1992 election in part because he went back on his “no new taxes” pledge, which alienated many voters.

What did Clinton do that hadn’t been done since Andrew Jackson?

Clinton was the first president since Andrew Jackson to balance the federal budget and achieve a surplus.

What was Clinton truly impeached for?

Clinton was impeached for perjury and obstruction of justice related to his affair with Monica Lewinsky.

Culture of the 1990s vs. 1980s:

The culture of the 1990s was more diverse, globalized, and technology-focused compared to the 1980s.

Cause of LA Riots 1992:

The LA Riots in 1992 were sparked by the acquittal of police officers involved in the beating of Rodney King.

Why did OJ Simpson seemingly win his trial?

OJ Simpson seemed to "win" his trial because there were doubts about the police integrity and a lack of concrete evidence.

Columbine High School attack:

The Columbine High School attack marked one of the first major school shootings in U.S. history and led to national debates about gun control and school safety.

To help starving people, Bush and Clinton sent troops to:

To help starving people, Bush and Clinton sent troops to Somalia as part of a humanitarian mission.

Result of sending troops to remove warlords:

The mission to remove warlords from Somalia resulted in the Black Hawk Down incident and was ultimately considered a failure.

Politically Clinton was considered a:

Clinton was known as a moderate Democrat or "New Democrat" due to his centrist policies.

Brady Bill:

The Brady Bill is a gun control law that requires background checks for firearm purchases.

Clinton’s economy (3 achievements):

During Clinton’s time in office, the US experienced a budget surplus, low unemployment, and stock market growth.

Three domestic bills passed under Clinton:

Three domestic bills passed under Clinton were the Family and Medical Leave Act, NAFTA, and Welfare reform.

Which domestic bill of Clinton did conservatives most support?

Of the domestic bills Clinton passed, welfare reform was the one conservatives most supported.

What did Clinton fail to change?

Clinton failed to change the health care system despite making it a major policy goal.

“Contract with America”: What did it give Republicans?

The "Contract with America" gave Republicans control of the House in 1994 and advanced a conservative legislative agenda.

Clinton was impeached for (2):

The two specific charges for which Clinton was impeached were perjury and obstruction of justice.

Americans responded to Clinton's impeachment by questioning the:

In response to Clinton's impeachment, Americans responded by questioning the importance of private morality in public office.

Cause and effect of 9/11:

The terrorist attacks led to the War on Terror and invasion of Afghanistan.

No Child Left Behind:

No Child Left Behind was education reform with testing and accountability for schools.

Cause and effect of the Great Recession:

The housing crisis and bank failures led to massive economic downturn

Obama’s Affordable Healthcare Act:

Obama’s Affordable Healthcare Act expanded insurance coverage and prohibited denial for preexisting conditions.

What was notable about the 2016 election?

Donald Trump won the presidency despite losing the popular vote.