PE - EOY Test key points

Two features of alveoli which make them an effective area for gas exchange

Moist thin walls, lots of tiny blood vessels called capillaries

Systole in the cardiac cycle

Systole occurs when the heart contracts to pump blood out.

Diastole in the cardiac cycle

Diastole occurs when the heart relaxes after contraction.

Equation for aerobic respiration

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

Equation for anaerobic respiration

glucose --> lactic acid + energy

Immediate effect of exercise timeframe

During exercise

3 immediate effects of exercise

EPOC, Blood pressure increases, heart rate increases

Short-Term effect of exercise timeframe

24-36 hrs

3 short-term effects of exercise

DOMS, Fatigue, Nausea

Long-term effects of exercise timeframe

Months and years

Long-term effects of exercise

Body shape change, improvements in fitness, hypertrophy

How the short-term effects of vigorous exercise can be limited by having a massage

reduces inflammation of the tender area and increases blood flow, so increasing oxygen delivery to the muscles and the removal of lactic acid