The Early Stuarts - CHARLES I 1640-46

when was the outbreak of the civil war

august 1642

what city did the scottish invaders capture in summer 1640

newcastle

when was the treaty of ripon

October 1640

what was the treaty of ripon

agreed between charles' government and scots

newcastle occupied by the scottish army

£850 paid to scots per day until settlement reached with english parliament

who gathered opposition around him at broughton castle

lord saye and sale

How long did the Short Parliament last?

3 weeks

when was short parliament called

13th April 1640

why was short parliament called

money to fund an army to deal with the scottish rebellion

when was long parliament called

3rd November 1640

why was long parliament called

To raise enough money to fund an army to put down the Scottish rebellion

how did long parliament ensure charles personal rule could not recur

tax on advisors who had supported personal rule like laud and wentworth

abolishment of the court of star chambers

destruction of ship money

parliament had to meet every 3 years and could no longer be dissolved without its own consent

when did unity in the long parliament begin to dissolve

summer - autumn 1641

why did unity in the long parliament begin to dissolve

disputes over religion and the future of the church - how far to take reforms and parliaments role in government

what did the puritans in the long parliament want in terms of reforms of the church of england

saw as a golden opportunity to radically reform the church - abolish bishops and prayer books

what side of the civil war did the puritans in parliament form in 1641

parliamentarians

how did some in the long parliament disagree with the puritans in terms of what they wanted in terms of reforms of the church of england

they believed these radical puritanical reforms were too far and would risk destroying the whole social order

they wanted to reform to the jacobean settlement

what side of the civil war did the opposition to puritans in parliament form in 1641

royalists

When was the second bishops war

August 1640

Why did short parliament fail

Charles had not yet appreciated the extremity of his position and thought he could afford to dissolve it when it refused to make grants until grievances were addressed

What was the triennial act

king to summon Parliament every three years and couldn't be dissolved without its own consent

When was there a catholic rebellion in Ireland due to resentment caused by wentowrth and Protestant migration

Autumn 1641

What was the grand remonstrance

Document of 200 popular parliament grievances

Divided the commons

Only passed by 11 votes

When was the grand remonstrance passed

23 November 1641

When did Charles arrest 5 members of parliament and 1 member of House of Lords

5 January 1642

Why was there resentment created by Charles arresting 5 members of parliament and 1 member of House of Lords

Went against privilege of no arresting of MPs when parliament is sitting

Where did Charles go when he withdrew from London

York then Nottingham

When was the militia ordinance that ordered parliament to take over military power

March 1642

How did Charles react to the militia ordinance that ordered parliament to take over military power

Rejected and raised troops in England by himself while parliament did the same

When did Charles raise his military standards in Nottingham

22 August 1642

What were Charles' aims in the short parliament

Preserve authority

Raise money

Keep church reforms

What were parliaments aims in the short parliament

Grievances aired before subsidy

End arbitrary govt

What were Charles' aims in the long parliament

Preserve authority

Raise money

Keep church reforms

What were parliament aims in the long parliament

Removal of "evil" councillors

End components of PR like prerogative courts, ship money and impositions

Reform church - remove laudianism

Increase role of parliament in govt

When was the first bishops war

June 1639

Who was the Scottish commander involved in the bishops wars

Alexander leslie

How many men were in Charles' army during the bishops wars

20,000 but poorly trained

When did Charles accept ceasefire and peace negotiations after first bishops war

18 June 1639

When was short parliament dissolved

5 May 1640

How many subsidies did Charles ask for in the short parliament

12 = £300,000

What did the Scottish parliament do in defiance during the short parliament

They continued sitting despite dissolving of English parliament

What was pyms list

36 complaints with committees to be established for them eg ship money

Who was John pym

Charles' leading opponent in long parliament

What was the convocation

Church of England council stayed in session after the short parliament - Charles was not supposed to do this

components of the convocation CoE sitting

intention of canons - to retain changes

oath to be sworn by all clergy to uphold episcopacy

controversy over 'etcetera oath'

implications of charles

12 critics send a petition against the changes to CoE coordinated with the covenanters, orchestrated by lord saye and sele

3 of the leaders in parliament 1640-42

john pym, lord saye and sele, john hampden

what happened to lord keeper finch and the 6 other judges who had upheld the verdict against john hampden in ship money trial

impeached

when was wentworth executed

12th May 1641

what was strafford accused of during the trial of his impeachment

subverting the ancient laws

arbitrary and tyrannical government in ireland

causing war in scotland

what was straffords defence which meant that his impeachment might fail with the house of lords as a court

he claimed he had royal support for what he was doing in ireland and was just loyal to the crowns orders

what was the act of attainder

• Allowed king to declare someone guilty w/o trial, all property forfeited, reversible

therefore, only charles could decide if wentworth was impeached

when was the act of attainder

May 1641

what was the votes for the passing of the act of attainder

204 to 59

what was done for strafford before his execution in may 1641

the army rescue plot

determination of the commons to get their person

london mob affected by economic downturn

charles' surrendering of support fearing for his family's safety

What were the aims of the junto

To reverse laudianism

Promised to give money to king if he takes them into government

What was the junto

Committee containing Charles' main opponents of John pym, lord saye and sele and John hampden

Members wanted to join gov as key ministers so they could reform the gov

What did the junto NOT want

Didn't want to get rid of royal gov and replace it with parliamentary gov

State of privy council by may 1641

Over half of the privy council from the previous year had been imprisoned, exiled or disgraced

How did parliament dismantle prerogative rule

Ship money declared illegal and the Hampden case verdict reversed

Illegal to compel anyone to take on order of knighthood

Boundaries of royal forests were to be fixed as they had been in 1623

Star chamber, council of north and council for marches of wales all abolished

High commission continued with the proviso that no similar court would be set up again

Tonnage and poundage act - had to be renewed every 2 months

What did the tonnage and poundage act do

Legalised the collection of customs duties and impositions

When was the court of wards abolished

February 1646

Which army represented threats to parliament

Irish

Which army represented threats toward the king

Covenanters

When was the Root and Branch petition

December 1640

What was the root and branch petition

signed by 15000 Londoners in December 1640

talked about the restrictions on preaching

talked ab Catholic and Arminian reforms

it wanted episcopacy to be abolished.

When was the root and branch petition debated

Feb 1641 - showed developing divisions in parliament

How did the House of Lords differ in feb 1641 debates over the root and branch petition

Objected exclusion of bishops from their house because the composition of the lords was not a matter of which the commons had any competence

Examples of religious anarchy going on in the 1640s

Smashing stained glass, crucifixes and candlesticks

Tearing down of altar rails

Uncontrolled preaching and sometimes incitement to violence

Emergence of sectaires in surprising numbers

What was the root and branch bill

Drawn up by commons which proposed not only the abolition of bishops but of deans and chaplains

Reversion of church land to trustees and commissioners who would pay for godly preachers

What was the HoC vote that passed the root and branch bill

139-108 shows divide

Why did the HoL reject the root and branch bill

To prevent laudian bishops from being expelled from the house

How did pym respond to the root and branch bill

Attempted to divert attention away from religion

A commission of clergy was established to consider church reform

When were pyms 10 propositions presented to the HoL

24 June 1641

What were some of pyms 10 propositions

Postpone Charles' departure to Scotland until both English + Scottish armies were disbanded

Bar catholics from courts and especially from the presence of the prince of wales

Provide for the security of the kingdom through the militia under lord lieutenant

Replace royal ministers with those in whom both people and parliament could have confidence

Take advice from a join committee of both houses on policy

When was the root and branch bill presented

December 1640

Who presented the root and branch bill

Henry vane

Who drew up the root and branch bill

Oliver St John

how did charles react to pyms 10 propositions

did not accept and saw them as targeting the queen and the prince of wales

how did john pym effectively manoeuvre in order to reduce charles' power

secured control of key committees

used associates to maintain a high degree of unity

used contacts in London and elsewhere

how did parliament makes sure charles couldnt use the army anymore

raised a poll tax on the army

who was the marquess of montrose

initially joined the convenanters but in 1639 he changed allegiance as he was hostile to control by presbyterians

what was the deal in scotland made by charles after the rebellion

charles was able to pay off the scottish army but:

had to accept acts passed by the scottish parliament which had continued to meet after he dissolved

agree to the abolition of bishops

government by men chosen by the scottish parliament

how did the deal made with the scots to end the rebellion improve charles' position with regard to parliament

charles also had the banking of some scottish nobles like the marquess of montrose

charles no longer needed so much money and the english parliament could not use the veil;ed threat of the scottish army against him

how did the deal made with the scots to end the rebellion somewhat weaken charles' position with regard to parliament

suspicious that charles might use the scottish army against the people in england, especially since english army had been disbanded

How many abstained on the grand remonstrance

200

What did Charles accept in Scotland but not in England

Removal of bishops and role of parliament in gov

What happened to the root and branch bill

Sent to a committee set up to solve

How did Charles raise troops using his royal prerogative

Commissions of array

When did parliament authorise an army

July 1642

Which MP criticised religious innovations in 1630s and the financial and prerogative aspects of personal rule but later moved to the kings side as his Secretary of State

John culpepper

what was the previously discredited system of raising finance used by parliament

ship money - totalled £400,000

what actions of parliament provoke fear for charles and his supporters

militia ordiance

raising money through ship money etc

upbringing of royal children

who denied Charles entry into hull in 1642

sir john hotham, governor of hull

when was charles denied entry by sir john hotham into hull

23 April 1642

how did charles seek to raise troops to use against parliament

commissions of array - the commissions instructed individuals to raise troops in their area

when was the battle of edgehill

23 October 1642

what was the name of the first battle in the ECW

edgehill 1642 - 1 in 5 males would fight, 1 in 20 would die, not civilised

1000 die, 3000 casualties, draw

earl of essex vs prince rupert

who was sir edmund verney

knight, charles' standard bearer - thought p went too far, not fully onboard with king but will be loyal

which prince helps charles in the battle of edgehill

prince rupert son of elizabeth of bohemia

what caused many to flock to the king's side of the civil war

fear of religious radicalism

fear of constitutional changes

who were the constitutional royalists

hyde, faulkland and culpepper