HOA3: Chinese Architecture

Sanskrit Term of China ; First recorded use of the word “China”

Cin

Zhongguo originated from the _____ Dynasty as they believed that they were the “Center of Civilization”

Zhou

Mount Everest in Chinese is Mount _______________

Zhumulangma

Principal Material of Chinese Architecture

Timber

Tallest and Straightest of all trees in China

Persea Nammu

A new code of social conduct and philosophy of life (Middle Way)

Confucianism

Based on the belief that forces exist in every locality and this affects the energy flow within space, buildings, towns and cities

Feng Shui

A practice that advocates balance and completeness through movement

Tai Chi

4 is categorized as unlucky because its pronunciation rhymes with the Chinese word of ______

Death

Symbolizes the natural order of the universe ; also called a Bagua Chart

Lo Shu Magic Square

True or False: Emperors are considered son of God based on the Confucian model

True

1st Evidence of human habitation in Ancient China

Zhoukoudian Cave

In China, Homo Erectus is commonly known as the ____________

Peking Man

“_________” (Tianming), the notion that the ruler is the son of heaven

Mandate of Heaven

First Chinese Empire

Qin Dynasty

What Dynasty started the construction of Great Wall

Qin Dynasty

Golden Age of China ; Commoner Gaozu (Liu Bang), overthrew the Qin emperor and assumed power.

Han Dynasty

_____ Dynasty started the system of needing highly educated ministers and government administrators that helps the empire. This system ran for over 2000 years.

Han

First of only two times that the entire China was ruled by foreigners

Yuan Dynasty

____ Dynasty was responsible for the repair and completion of the Great Wall of China. It also established the Forbidden City

Ming

A violent anti-foreign, anti-Christian movement by the “Righteous Fists of Harmony” or Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists in China

Boxer Rebellion

Brought an end to the Qing Dynasty and established the Republic of China

Xinhal Revolution of 1911-12

True or False: One of the basis of ancient Chinese architecture is the concept of unilateral symmetry

False

True or False: Buildings have even number of bays and odd number of columns

False

Siheyuan means ________

Courtyard

______________ = importance + placement of buildings within a site.

Hierarchy

_____ are engraved beasts decoration in roof ridges of a Royal Residence

Foo Dogs

True or False: Foo Dogs don’t actually depict dogs but lions.

True

True or False: In Mandarin (Bureaucrat) Residence, Guardian lions were not allowed to stand in front of the gate. Engraved beasts in ridges of roof were also forbidden

True

Refers to use of Feng Shui (geomancy) and Taoism to organize construction and layout

Cosmology

True or False: Screen walls are incorporated in the main entrance of the house to counter evil things that travel in straight lines

True

Rectangular standard structural unit ; can be joined together to create a hall, then a building

Jian

Cultures in Central China along the Yellow River were known for their ________

Painted Pottery

Ancient Chinese Architecture is composed of three mainly:

1. Sloping Roof

2. House Body

3. Terrace

Foundation of a house is made of _________

Rammed Earth

Wood Framework Systems was standardized by _____ dynasty

Ming

Tailiang refers to?

Pillars-and-beams

A narrow street or alley commonly associated with northern Chinese cities

Hutong

A large, enclosed and fortified earth building

Tulou

Known as “bustling small city” and “a little kingdom for the family”

Fujian Tulou

Elaborate ______ were reserved for the ceilings of the most important structures such as tombs and altars

Cupolas

_____ means coffer or caisson ceiling

Zaojing

A water dragon who protects the structure against fire

Makara

4 Types of Roofing

1. Hip Roof

2. Hanging Hill Roof

3. Hard Hill Roof

4. Resting Hill Roof

Term for Roof Crown

Baoding

Term for trinagular wall formed on both sides of the Resting Hill Roof

Shanhua

Grotto known for its 50,000 statues rom the 52 caves

Yungang Grottoes

Also called Dragon’s Gate Grottos

Longmen Grotto

Buddhist Temples follows the imperial style but with _____ colored roof tiles

Green

Taoism Temples have ____ colored roof tiles

Blue

True or False: In Taoist Temples, entrance are located at the sides

True

Temple of Buddha’s Light

Foguang Temple

“Residences of Immortals” ; Originally attached to monasteries to preserve relics

Pagodas

Pagodas ranges from ____ storeys

3-15

Style of Pagoda with steeper eaves and more pointed spikes

Southern China

Style of Pagoda with milder protuding eaves

Northern China

All the different kinds of pagodas, including the ______ most similar to the original style of Indian stupas, have assumed Chinese characteristics in architectural style and ornaments

Lamaist Dagobas

Ceremonial entrances/archways

Pailou

Large single building in traditional Chinese architecture ; Grandest of all buildings being symbolic of the supreme power of emperor

Dian

Dian is also called as ________ or Central Hall

Zhengdian

The Great Hall in the Confucius Temple of Qufu

Dachengdian

The Hall of Supreme Harmony in Forbidden City

Taihedian

Term for Ornamental Pillars

Huabiao

China’s First Pagoda built in the Three Kingdoms period

White Horse Pagoda

Famous Brick and Stone Pagoda

Porcelain Pagoda

Sacrificial altar for the emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties

Temple of Heaven and Earth

True or False: In Chinese Symbolism, Earth is (Circle) and Heaven is (Square)

False

The number _____ represents the Emperor

9

True or False: In Summer Solstice, the emperor expresses his gratitude for the blessings from heaven

Winter

Color of walls that represents imperial color

Red

Mausoleums have broad ways called _______ at the entrance

Shendao

Shendao is also called the ________

Sacred Way

Surrounded by a smooth circular wall, the Echo Wall. A single-gabled circular building built on a marble stone base.

Imperial Vault of Heaven

Great Palace Gate: _____ passageways

3

Stele Pavilion: Stele resting on the back of a stone ___________ weighing 50 tons

Tortoise

Also known as the Dragon and Phoenix Gate

Lattice Gate

Also known as the Soul Tower

Minglou

Term for Palace

Gong

Term for Palace City

Gong-cheng

Term for Palace of Heavenly Purity

Qianqing-gong

Term for Palace of Female Tranquility

Kunning-gong

Term for palace of triple purity

Sanging Gong

Term for Pavilion

Ting

Term for Cooling Kiosk

Liangting

Popularly known as the ‘Gold Pavilion’

Baoyunge Pavilion

Term for Elevated Terrace with a Flat top

Tai

Interval of Tai or Beacon Towers along the Great Wall is ______

300 - 400 meters

A building of two or more storeys with a horizontal main ridge

Lou

Term for Bell towers

Zhong Lou

Term for drum towers

Gu-lou

True or False: Ge has a door and windows only on the front side

True

Term for Pagoda

Ta

Top of a Ta is crowned with a ___________

Flower Bud

Noblest Color of Chinese Architecture

Gold

Term for Imperial Style Decorative Painting

Hexicaihua

True or False: The Great Wall of China is not a continuous wall

True

“Where the mountains meet the sea”

Shanhai Pass

Westernmost point of the Great Wall

Jiayu Pass

Height of the Great Wall ranges from ______ to _____ m

6 ; 9

Imperial Cities has length of _______ each side

9 li long