SET 1: Microscopy, Cell Structure & Organization

Compound microscope

A microscope that has two lenses: an ocular lens and an objective lens

Ocular lens

The eyepiece of a microscope, usually 10x magnification

Objective lens

The lens closest to the specimen that provides magnification

Robert Hooke

The scientist who first identified cells

Overall magnification

Ocular lens magnification multiplied by objective lens magnification

High power focusing

Start on low power, center image, switch to high power, use fine adjustment only

Field of view

The area visible through the microscope

Cell size calculation

Field of view divided by number of cells across

Diaphragm

Controls the amount of light passing through the microscope

Nucleus

The control center of the cell

Ribosomes

Organelle where proteins are synthesized

Mitochondria

Organelle that carries out cellular respiration

Golgi apparatus

Modifies, packages, and ships proteins

Vacuole

Stores water, nutrients, and wastes

Cell wall

Rigid structure that supports and protects plant cells

Chloroplast

Organelle where photosynthesis occurs

Lysosome

Organelle that digests food and old cell parts

Cell membrane

Controls movement in and out of the cell

Prokaryotic cell

Cell without a nucleus (bacteria)

Eukaryotic cell

Cell with a true nucleus

Surface area to volume ratio

Limits how large a cell can grow

High SA:V ratio

Allows efficient movement of materials

Cell

Tiniest unit of life

Tissue

Group of similar cells working together

Organ

Group of tissues working together

Organ system

Group of organs working together