NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER

onset = childhood but presists into adulthood

INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY (ID)

1 results from the other

1.deficit in ability to think

(problem-solving, reasoning, planning)

2. very impaired ability to adapt to demands of school/work/home

   (communication, regulating behavior, school skills)

most need special help to cope

INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY FEATURES

onset=infancy (issues arise in childhood/later)

behavior issues of aggression, dependence, impulsive, passive, stubborn

gullible & naive leads to risk of getting exploited by others

ID INTERVENTIONS

requires parents & specialists

no cure but some are preventable

put in same class as kids w/o ID (mainstreaming)

early training/therapy = very important

ID CAUSES

genetics 30-50%

enviornment & exposure to toxins

unknown

INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY STAGES

mild 85% = job, live alone

moderate 10% = need some oversight

severe 5% = supervision in daily life

profound 1% = intensive support

INHERTIABLE FORMS OF ID

PKU (missing enzyme)

Tay-sachs (no cure, death before age 5)

fragile X (mild-mod ID) ADHD comobidity

downs syndrome (extra 21st chromosome, 1/500 births)

fetal alc syndrome

ID ENVIORNMENTAL CAUSES

difficult delivery (hypoxia) or premature

fail to thrive by not taking milk

not enough nutrition

toxin exposure

AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)

1/31 births

onset 6 months

3 categories & 3 levels

unknown causes

AUTISM LEVELS

1 high functioning

2 autism

3 severe autism

AUTISM COMMUNCATION DEFICITS

might not understand others & feel confused

fail to understand body language & face expressions

may not understand humor

trouble starting & keeping a convo

repetitive questions even after answer given

AUTISM SOCIAL DEFICITS

appears at 6 months

development lags behind peers

no cuddling, eye contact, returned smile

agression & tantrums

babies move from parents embrace & stare into space

toddlers dont point to objects or play w/kids

AUTISM MOTOR BEHAVIOR DEFICITS

milestones on time but behaviors are problematic

resist change (need routine)

compulsive/ritualistic actions

suck on toys

preoccupied by parts of toy

high injury risk (helmet)

AUTISM INTERVENTIONS

train how to communicate needs

teach caregivers to NOT reward negative behavior (tantrums)

teach self control through self modification

help develop learning & problem solving skills

behavior therapy

TIC DISORDER TOURETTES (TREATMENT)

involuntary motor & verbal “sneeze like”

deep brain stimulation

antipsychotics

behavior modification

speech therapy

HIGH FUNCTIONING AUTISM

LEVEL 1

needs support

noticable w/o support social & communication skills & repetitive behaviors

AUTISM

LEVEL 2

need substantial support

social & communication skills & repetitive behaviors are noticable

SEVERE AUTISM

LEVEL 3

requires LARGE amount of support

life very impacted by repetitive behaviors social & communication skills