Triangle vs dual route cascaded reading

PBS4

Dual Route Cascaded Model

A model that explains the process of reading aloud for skilled readers by splitting reading into three routes:lexical semantic, lexical nonsemantic, and grapheme-phoneme.

Triangle Model

A model proposing that three areas - orthography, semantics, and phonology - work in parallel to read text and produce speech, with extensive activity between the areas during word reading.

Lexical Route

In the Dual Route Cascaded Model, the route where words are recognized and retrieved from the mental dictionary (lexicon), faster for frequently used words but unable to process unknown or pseudowords.

Grapheme-Phoneme Route

In the Dual Route Cascaded Model, the route where graphemes are broken down into phonemes for pronunciation, quicker for unknown or irregular words.

Surface Dyslexia

A condition where patients can read regular and pseudowords but struggle with irregular words, explained by damage to the lexical route in the Dual Route Cascaded Model.

Phonological Dyslexia

A condition where patients struggle with unfamiliar or pseudowords but can read familiar words, explained by impairment in the grapheme-phoneme route in the Dual Route Cascaded Model.

Orthography

In the Triangle Model, the area where letter patterns are stored for reading.

Semantics

In the Triangle Model, the area where word meanings are stored for reading.

Phonology

In the Triangle Model, the area where sound patterns are stored for reading.

Computational Programme

Used to test both the Dual Route Cascaded Model and the Triangle Model by simulating brain lesions and comparing performance to patients, supporting the models' explanations of reading processes.