Bio-Molecules Terms

Macromolecules

Large organic molecules made of monomer

Monomer

1 unit “building blocks”

Polymer

Multiple monomers chemically bonded.

Where is energy stored?

Chemical Bonds

Hydrolysis

Reaction that breaks apart a molecule and forms water. (Releases energy)

Dehydration Synthesis

Reaction that forms molecules with the removal of water. (Stores energy)

Organic Molecules

Must have both carbon and hydrogen atoms linked together. (Main Elements, C-H)

Inorganic Molecules

Doesn’t have carbon AND hydrogen atoms linked together. (O=C=O)

Carbohydrates - Nickname

Carbs or Sugars

Carbohydrates

Composed of elements arranged in 1 carbon, 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen (1:2:1 ratio)

Carbohydrates - Shape

Ring

Glucose

Main source of energy

Monosaccharide

One ring, Glucose (made in photosynthesis)

Disaccharide

2 monomers (Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose)

Polysaccharides

2 or more monosaccharides bonded together. (Ex. Starch, Cellulose, Chitin, Glycogen.

Building blocks of lipids

Glyceral & Fatty Acids

Lipids - Function

Long term energy source, makes up cell membranes, provide insulation.

What has twice as much energy and calories as carbs?

Lipids

Nucleic Acids

Codes for and produces proteins (DNA and RNA), the blueprint of life

Nucleic Acid- Composition

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus (C, H, O, N, P)

Nucleic Acid- Structure

Phosphate group, 5-Carbon sugar, and a Nitrogenous base.

Which group is this building block for?

Nucleic Acids

What is used for long-term energy storage?

Lipids

What builds tissues like bone and muscle?

Proteins

What is a major part of cell membranes?

Lipids

What has a name that ends in "ose”?

Carbohydrates

What is are nucleic acids made of?

Nucleatide

What forms antibodies that help you fight disease?

Proteins

What has a ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, that is 1:2:1?

Carbohydrates

What includes enzymes that control reaction rates (is a catalyst)?

Proteins

What process is this?

Hydrolysis

What process is this?

Dehydration Synthesis

What is made up of mostly of Carbon and Hydrogen, with some Oxygen?

Lipids

What has monosaccharides as its monomer?

Carbohydrates

What is Protein made up of?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

What has the most energy per gram?

Lipids

What has an amino acid as its monomer?

Proteins

What stores genetic information?

Nucleic Acids

What is used as a source of quick and primary energy?

Carbohydrates

What type of organic compound is this?

Carbohydrate

What would this be an example of?

Nucleic Acids

Which has starch, cellulose, and chitin as examples?

Nucleatide Which has starch, cellulose, and chitin as examples?

What has fatty acids as its monomer?

Lipids

What has building blocks like this?

Proteins

What organic compound is this?

Lipid

What has monomers made up of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base?

Nucleic Acids

What group do enzymes belong to?

Proteins

What building blocks like this?

Lipids

What macromolecules make up the majority of the cell membrane? (lollipop)

Lipids

A nucleotide consists of

Phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar group, and a nitrogen base

Which of the following represents a nucleotide which is the monomer for Nucleic Acids?

Option 3

How many amino acids exist for ALL living organisms? These are attached in different combinations to form proteins.

20

Protein monomers are linked together by what?

peptide bonds

All the functions of protein

Makes bone and muscle, transports things in/out cell, helps fight disease, and acts as a catalyst

Identify functions of carbohydrates

1. Quick source of energy for the cell

2. Structural compound making up cell parts like the cell wall.

How many simple sugar units in a monosaccharide?

1

Examples of Lipids

Waxes, Cholesterol, Oils, Steroids, Phospholipids, Triglycerides (Fats)

The part of an amino acid (protein) that varies from amino acid to acid is the

R group

Protein Structure

Amino Acid —> Poly Peptide Chain —> Protein

Changes in protein can cause

the protein to unfold and become non-functional

Catalyst

a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Enzymes

Special proteins that are biological catalyst

Enzymes - Role

to lower the activation rate of biochemical reactions

Subtrates

the reactants that bind to the enzyme

Active Site

the specific location where a substrate binds to an enzyme

Label the diagram

1 - Active Site

2 - Substrate

3 - Enzyme Substrate Complex

4 - Product

Denature

changes shape of enzyme

What happens if an enzyme is denatured?

The enzyme cannot function, which could lead to organism death

What factors affect enzymes?

Temperature and pH

Changes in temperature and pH can cause

the denaturing of an enzyme

Enzymes are never

consumed or altered in a reaction

ends in “ase”

Enzyme

What is the enzyme for lactose

lactase

Enzymes can be

reused

Enzymes are very _________ and only bind with ___ _________

specific, 1 enzyme