AP World Vocab Quiz 3 Unit 5

Unit 5

American Revolution

Political conflict between the 13 Colonies and Great Britain. Colonies wanted freedom and own government

Declaration of Independence

Expressed the philosophy behind the colonists’ fight against British rule. Heavily influenced by “natural rights” .Wrote in 1776

French Revolution

Revolution in France during the 1780s. After American Revolution.

Declaration of the Rights of Man

A statement declaring basic human rights. French.

Reign of Terror

A period during which the government executed thousands of opponents of the revolution, including the king and queen, sprang from the Jacobins.

Liberte, egalite, et fraternite

Liberty, equality, and fraternity

Philosophes

Public intellectuals who applied reason the the study of many area of learning

Haitian Revolution

Revolution happening in Haiti, end of 18th century.

Haiti

Island in the Caribbean owned by France

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Former slave who led a revolution against slavery in Haiti and established an independent government.

Simon Bolivar

Creole who pushed for Enlightenment ideals in Latin America, instrumental in the independence of areas that became Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, and Peru

Lola Rodriguez de Tio

A recognized poet during an era of little educational opportunity for women. Famous for her eloquent critiques of Spain’s exploitative rule over Puerto Rico

Propaganda Movement

Movement in which the publishing of magazines, pamphlets and other publications advocating for greater autonomy for the Philippines. Did not call for revolution or independence.

Italian Unification

The drive to unite the entire Italian Peninsula under the only native dynasty (House of Savoy) by Count di Cavour

Realpolitik

The practical politics of reality.

Giuseppe Mazzini

Radical Romantic revolutionary philosopher. Agitating for Italian Resurgence.

Risorgimento

Italian Resurgence

Giuseppe Gaeibaldi

Military commander who left to Red Shirts military force that was fighting in the Kingdom of Naples,

Immigration

The movement of people into the country from other countries

Otto Van Bismarck

Prussian leader who favored realpolitik and used nationalist feelings to engineer three wars to bring about German unification. Wars against Austria, France and Denmark

German Unification

Drive to unite Germany with nationalist movements and wars.

Balkans

Middle East area. Predominantly controlled by the Ottomans. Nationalism towards this place increased during this period.

Ottomanism

A movement that aimed to create a more modern, unified state. Officials sought to do this by minimizing the ethic, linguistic and religious differences across the empire.

Maroons

Escaped slaves in the Caribbeans, joined Haitian Revolution.

Mestizos

People born of European and Indian parents.

Peninsulares

Colonists who were reborn in Spain or Portugal

Mulattoes

People with African and European/Indigenous ancestry

Bastile

A former prison that symbolized the abuses of the monarchy and the corrupt aristocracy.

Italian Peninsula

John Locke

Author of “Two Treatises of Government” who viewed political life as the result of a social contract. Argued that social contract implied the right of citizens to revolt against unjust government. Natural rights to life, liberty and property.

Social Contract

An agreement by citizens on which rights they have and how they should be governed

Tabula Rasa

Theory that kids were born with minds like a blank slate

Philosophes

A new group of thinkers and writers, explored social, political and economic theories

Baron Montesquieu

Writer of “ The Spirit of Laws”, praised the British governments use of checks on power because of its parliament

Voltaire

Author Francois-Marie Arouet, pen name ________, social satire “Candide”. Advocate for civil liberties.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Writer who expanded on idea of social Contract as it passed down through the work of Hobbes and Locke. Wrote “Emile, or On Education”(child education) and “The Social Contract (general will of population, sovereignty must respect that)

Enlightenment

Intellectual shifts towards reason over tradition and individualism over community values. Inspired revolutions worldwide.

Deism

The belief that a divinity simply set natural laws in motion but does not interfere with life.

Liberalism

A political and economic philosophy that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and limited government intervention

Conservatism

Belief in traditional institutions, reliance on practical experience over ideological theories

Empiricism

Th belief that knowledge comes from sensed experience from what we observe.

Nationalism

The feeling of intense loyalty to others who share ones language and culture

Classical Liberalism

A belief in natural rights, constitutional government, laissez-faire economics and reduced spending on armies and established churches

Feminism

The movement for women’s rights and equality based off of Enlightenment ideas.

Abolitionism

The movement to end the Atlantic Slave Trade and free all enslaved people.

Zionism

The desire of Jewish peoople to reestablish an independent homeland where their ancestors had lived in the middle east.

Anti-Semitism

Hostility toward Jewish people

Theodor Herzi (Zionism)

Austro-Hungarian Jewish man leading the movement of Zionism

Dreyfus Affair

Scandal in France where a Jewish military officer was convicted of treason against the French government based off of forged documents.

Adam Smith

One of the most influential thinkers of the Enlightenment, wrote “The Wealth of Nations” . Called for freer trade and laisses-faire.

The Wealth of Nations

Book by Adam Smith, called for freer trade in response to mercantilism. Also supported laissez-faire economics

Laissez-faire

A French phrase for “leave alone”. Meant that the governments should reduce their intervention in economic decisions.

Capitalism

An economic system in which the means of production such as factories and natural resources, are privately owned and are operated for profit.

socialism

The system of public or direct worker ownership of the means of production such a as the mills to make cloth or the machinery and the land needed

utopian socialists

Those who felt society could be channeled in positive directions by setting up ideal communities

Henri de Saint-Simon

Believes that scientists and engineers working together with businesses, could operate clean, efficient, beautiful places to work that produced things useful to society

Charles Fourier

Identifies 810 passions what would make work more enjoyable and workers less tired. Believed a fundamental principle of utopia wears harmonious living in communities whether than class struggle.

Robert Owen

Established intentional communities governed by the principles of utopian socialism

Fabian Society

Socialist groups formed in England, they were gradual socialists, favoring reforming society by parliamentary means.

H. G Wells, Virginia Woolf, George Bernard Shaw