Models and Processes of Communication

From which language does the word "communication" originate?

Latin

From which specific word is "communication" derived?

Communis

What is the literal meaning of the word "communis"?

To make common

Communication is indicative of which fundamental concept?

Life itself

With which basic needs is communication equated in the text?

Food, clothes, and shelter

Why is communication considered a skill?

It involves fundamental techniques

Why is communication considered an art?

It involves creative challenges

Why is communication considered a science?

It involves verifiable principles

How is communication described in terms of its nature?

As a dynamic process

What is the primary key to progress in any society?

Information

What generates awareness on a given issue over a period of time?

Regular exposure to information

Communication helps in moulding opinions and formulating what?

Decisions

What results in the sharing of information that makes people knowledgeable?

Communication

Knowledge can be constructed through interaction between learners and whom?

Their peers

What fosters the feeling of oneness in a society by exposing groups to different views?

Communication

What is necessary to break the monotony of human life?

Entertainment

Which function of communication has recently overtaken others in mass media?

Entertainment

What is the primary role of a motivated individual in society?

To play a useful and active role

In which sector is communication increasingly used as a tool for motivation?

Business and industry

What is the function of communication used to influence us towards a new idea?

Persuasion

Who has amply exploited the function of persuasion to sell products?

Advertising agencies

What helps to preserve the culture and heritage of a nation?

Communication

Which term denotes communicating "within" oneself?

Intrapersonal communication

Which activity is a facet of intrapersonal communication?

Day dreaming

Who generally devotes more time to intrapersonal communication?

Writers and thinkers

What characterizes interpersonal communication?

Two persons communicating with each other

What happens to the roles of sender and receiver in interpersonal communication?

They become interchangeable

How is feedback described in interpersonal communication?

Immediate

Group communication is an extension of which other type?

Interpersonal communication

What can a peaceful demonstration turn into due to a breakdown in communication?

A mob

What happens to feedback when the size of a group increases?

It is reduced

Group communication is useful for making what kind of decisions?

Collective decisions

In mass communication, how is the communicator separated from the audience?

In terms of time and place

What type of device is required for mass communication to take place?

Electronic device

How is the audience described in mass communication?

Heterogeneous and unknown

How is feedback characterized in traditional mass communication?

Weak and delayed

What is a model defined as in the text?

A graphic representation

Who looked at communication from a rhetorical perspective?

Aristotle

What were the three elements in Aristotle's model?

Speaker, Speech, Audience

What was the basic function of communication in Aristotle's model?

To persuade

How was communication perceived during the World Wars?

As a magic bullet

In which year was the Lasswell Model developed?

1948

"Who" in the Lasswell model refers to which element?

Identification of the source

"Says what" in the Lasswell model refers to which element?

Subject of analysis

"To whom" in the Lasswell model deals with which element?

Characteristics of receivers

In which year was the Shannon and Weaver Model developed?

1949

What is the Shannon and Weaver model often referred to as?

Transmission model

What performs the inverse operation of the transmitter in the Shannon and Weaver model?

The receiver

What concept did the Shannon and Weaver model introduce?

Noise

What does "entropy" refer to in the context of the Shannon and Weaver model?

Degree of uncertainty

What does "redundancy" refer to in the context of the Shannon and Weaver model?

Uniqueness of information

In which year was Charles Osgood's Model developed?

1954

How did Osgood describe communication?

As a dynamic process

What aspect did Osgood's model stress?

Social nature of communication

In which year was Schramm's Model developed?

1954

What concept did Schramm's second model introduce?

Shared orientation

What do the circles in Schramm's model indicate?

Accumulated experience

What happens if the circles in Schramm's model do not meet?

Communication is difficult

What did Schramm include to express that communication is reciprocal?

Feedback

What is the weakness of Schramm's model mentioned in the text?

It is a less linear model

Which model emphasizes both content and the relationship of the source and recipient?

Transactional model

Who is the source in the communication process?

The sender who has a message

What is the "message" defined as?

A set of signs and symbols

What does the term "channel" mostly refer to in modern parlance?

Mass communication media

What is "noise" defined as?

Distortion in a message

What is "feedback" defined as?

Response given by the receiver

Which type of barrier involves geographical distance?

Physical barrier

Which type of barrier involves selective perception and recall?

Psychological barrier

Which type of barrier involves faulty expressions and ambiguous words?

Linguistic barrier

Which type of barrier involves erratic power supply?

Technical barrier

What creates a barrier when too much information is imparted?

Information load

What is a suggested strategy to ensure clarity of message?

Use short and simple sentences

What does reinforcement of ideas involve?

Introducing an element of redundancy

What helps to overcome geographical barriers in channel selection?

Use of technology

How does motivation help in communication?

It removes psychological barriers

What facilitates understanding of the needs and views of the receiver?

Regular feedback