Brain and Behavior: Nervous System Organization

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding the organization of the nervous system, cognitive functions, and neurological studies based on the lecture notes provided.

What does network neuroscience study?

It encompasses the study of different networks across various spatial and temporal scales, bridging information from genes to neurons and understanding cognition.

What are cognitive functions?

Cognitive functions are cerebral activities that lead to knowledge, including reasoning, memory, attention, and language.

What is the main goal of neuroscience?

To understand the biological basis of learning, memory, behavior, perception, and consciousness.

What two fields complement each other in studying mental processes?

Neuroscience and psychology.

What are neuroglial cells?

They are helper cells in the brain that support and protect neurons.

What is the anatomical classification of the nervous system?

It is hierarchically organized into molecules, cells, cell groups, major brain divisions, and central vs. peripheral systems.

What is the function of astrocytes in the brain?

Astrocytes protect neurons by filtering nutrients and preventing harmful substances from entering the brain.

What is the significance of myelin in neurons?

Myelinated axons transmit nerve signals faster than unmyelinated axons.

What is a connectome?

A comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, regarded as its 'wiring diagram'.

How do sensory and motor cortices differ?

Sensory cortices are divided into primary and higher sensory areas, while motor cortices consist of primary and higher motor cortices.

What is phrenology?

An early attempt to map mental functions onto the brain, focusing on the relationship between skull shape and personality traits.

Why is the size of the human brain significant in comparison to body weight?

Humans have the largest brain to body size ratio, important for understanding intelligence and cognitive abilities.