SWK Final Exam

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What mental health settings do social workers treat in?

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What mental health settings do social workers treat in?

address mental illnesses at the micro, mezzo and macro levels

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Social workers at the micro level

provide case management, counseling, and intensive psychotherapy for chronically mentally ill people

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Social workers at the mezzo level

conduct group therapy, and provide various kinds of family treatment

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social workers at the macro level

initiate changes in organizational and public policy to improve service provision to large groups of clients. also may assume administrative or supervisory responsibilities in agencies providing any level of service.

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group therapy (treatment groups)

help individuals solve personal problems, change unwanted behaviors, cope with stress, and improve their quality of life.

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types of treatment groups

therapy, support, educational, growth, and socialization

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therapy group:

group of people diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in the community and meet at a local community health center

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support group:

group of adults caring for their parents who have Alzheimer’s disease

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educational group:

group of parents learning about effective child management techniques

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growth group:

group of gay men focusing on gay pride issues

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socialization group:

current events group at a nursing home that gets together to discuss their opinions

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Social workers role in mental health

inpatient mental and psychiatric hospitals. psychiatric units in general hospitals, residential treatment centers for children and adolescents, outpatient treatment agencies, employee assistance programs, and community mental health centers.

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Inpatient treatment

means that clients reside in the facility for some period

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residential treatment centers for children and adolescents

agency that provides children who have serious emotional and behavioral problems with residential round-the-clock care, education, interpersonal kills training, and individual group and sometimes family therapy

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Empathy

the act of not only understanding how another person feels but also conveying to that person and awareness of how they feel

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positive reinforcement

a procedure or consequence that increases the frequency of the behavior immediately preceding it

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feedback

process of giving people information, positive or negative, about their performance or behavior

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token or point systems

in which tokens or points on a chart are used in a coordinated systems to control poor behavior, develop good behavior, and monitor progress

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psychiatric units in general hospitals

emergency psychiatric care on a temporary inpatient basis for people in crisis

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outpatient treatment agenices

agencies and clinics provide individual, group, and family counseling for a wide range of mental health and substance abuse problems

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employee assistance programs

services provided by organizations that focus on workers’ mental health and on adjustment problems that interfere with their work performance

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community mental health centers

versatile local organizations that provide a range of services, from mental health treatment to education about and prevention of mental illness

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person centered therapy

takes a positive view of individuals, believing that they tend to move toward becoming fully functioning

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Carl Rogers (techniques for doing therapy_ person centered)

congruence, unconditional positive regard and accurate empathic understanding

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How many social workers work in the mental health field?

60% of all mental health service providers are social workers. 10% are psychiatrists, 23% are psychologists, and 5% are psychiatric nurses

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deinstitutionalization

process of providing services and care for people within their own communities rather than in institutional settings

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cultural awareness (competence)

mastery of a particular set of knowledge, skills, policies, and programs used by a social worker that address the cultural needs of individuals, families, groups, and communities

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substance abuse

use of a mind-altering substance with the resulting behavior having negative consequences or not being socially acceptable

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substance dependence

reliance on the use of a substance to the extent that withdrawal occurs when the substance is not used

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alcoholism

chronic disorder characterized by repeated excessive use of alcoholic beverages and decreased ability to function socially and vocationally

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intoxication

development of a series of symptoms, often involving psychological or behavioral changes, directly related to intake of the substance and its influence on the central nervous system

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withdrawal

array of symptoms that develop as a result of discontinued use of the substance or the compulsion to absorb the substance to avert these symptoms

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withdrawal symptoms

severe abdominal pain, convulsions, anxiety attacks, depression, and uncontrollable trembling

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tolerance

need to use increased amounts of the substance to reach the same level of mood alteration initially achieved

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substance

commonly used to refer to mind-altering drugs, including alcohol

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drug

refers to a wide range of materials that alter mood or consciousness when ingested, including amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, and hallucinogens

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substance use disorder

a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and psychological symptoms resulting from continued use of a substance despite significant resulting difficulties and problematic issues

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The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) cites four categories of pathological behaviors concerning how the substance is used

impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological criteria

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the four categories of pathological patterns of behaviors have how many criterion listed?

11

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what criterion is found in impaired control?

one through four

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criterion 1

concerns an individuals multiple failed attempts to decrease or halt use of the drug

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criterion 2

entails the individual spending significant amount of time either trying to acquire the substance, using it, or recuperating from its negative consequences

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criterion 3

involves how an individual with a sever disorder may spend essentially all of their time in actions and pursuits concerning substance use

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criterion 4

entails intense cravings for the substance

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what criterion is found in social impairment?

five through seven

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criterion 5

concerns inability to fulfill responsibilities at work, school, or home

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criterion 6

entails experiencing problems in interpersonal relationships that are intensified by the use of a substance

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criterion 7

involves decreasing or stopping participation in activities involving social interaction that had been part of regular daily life in the past

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what criterion is found in risky use?

eight and nine

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criterion 8

entails the use of the substance in situations that may involve physical danger

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criterion 9

concerns persistent use of the substance despite experiencing acknowledged physical or psychological difficulties

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what criterion is found in pharmacological issues?

ten and eleven

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criterion 10

involves increased tolerance to the substance

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criterion 11

entails the occurrence of withdrawal

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types of mind-altering substances

stimulants and depressants s

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stimulants

psychoactive substances that boost the functioning of the central nervous system

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types of stimulants

amphetamines, caffeine, and nicotine

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amphetamines (+methamphetamines and cocaine)

are “top of the line” stimulants c

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caffeine and nictoine

“bottom shelf” stimulants.

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How many deaths by tobacco?

more the 400,000 the US each year

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Depressants

psychoactive substances that suppress, slow, or relax the central nervouse system

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most commonly used depressant:

alcohol… the sedatives and hypnotics such as prescription painkillers

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Date rape drugs

GHB and Rohpynol (roofies)

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other commonly used addictive drugs that don’t fit into stimulants or depressants:

cannabinoids, dissociative anesthetics, hallucinogens, opioids and morphine derivatives

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cannabinoids

including hashish and marijuana, produce euphoria, slowed thinking, impaired coordination, confusion, and sometimes anxiety

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dissociative anesthetics

including ketamine and PCP, can caused increased heart rate and blood pressure, slowed motor functioning, memory loss, and potentially nausea. PCP can cause aggression and depression

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hallucinogens

including LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin, result in unpredictably altered mental states, distorted perception, hallucinations and sometimes flashbacks

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opioids and morphine derivatives

including heroine, morphine and opium, can cause euphoria, pain relief, drowsiness, and potentially, coma and death

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psychoactive substances

molly, spice, krokodil, and bath salts

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bath salts

stimulants producing effects resembling those of amphetamines, consumed orally, inhaled, or injected

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cathinone( found in bath salts)

chemical substance derived from that of the khat plant.

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krokodil

homemade replacement for heroine. consumed by injection with a hypodermic needle

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spice

synthetic marijuana, consumed by smoking (inhalation)

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molly

(MDMA) synthetic drug that has characteristics resembling stimulant amphetamines and hallucinogen mescaline, typically consumed orally by capsule or tablet

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methods of ingesting substances

oral, inhalation, injection, and mucous membranes

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orally

drinking or swallowing

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inhalation

smoking, more efficient

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injection

directly into the bloodstream

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mucous membranes

“snorting,” slower than smoking and injection but quicker than oral.

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treatment process’s four features

engagement, assessment, intervention, and development of continuing care plan

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engagement

process of building and maintaining a productive relationship with the client

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assessment

act of determining the nature and causes of a client’s problem

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intervention

multiple-system approach to individualized treatment: a plan should be developed to address the client’s unique needs, issues, and strengths

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development of a continuing care plan

formed after the primary treatment has ceased

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resources for the treatment approaches for substance abuse

detoxification, outpatient treatment, inpatient treatment, therapeutic communities, and halfway houses

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halfway houses

temporary residences to assist in the transition from an inpatient program to the the real-life community

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therapeutic communities

residential programs where clients remain for one to three years. immersing clients in an environment aimed at global change in lifestyle

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inpatient treatment (substance abuse)

offers a more intensive focus on the individual’s recovery…than outpatient treatment programs

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outpatient treatment

received by clients who participate in a program without staying over-night at a treatment facility

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detoxification

short-term treatment designed to oversee the client’s withdrawal from the substance to which he or she is addicted

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four stage recovery model

abstinence, confrontation, growth and transformation

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abstinence

major focus on avoiding mind-altering substances

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confrontation

clients begin confronting and changing personal, family, and social issues that contributed to their chemically dependent lifestyle

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growth

the beginning of a new lifestyle not involving substance use

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transformation

true change in life orientation from theformer substance-using days

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people who abuse alcohol or other drugs typically adopt a series of defense mechanisms to protect themselves from having to deal with problems caused by substance dependence.

minimization, rationalization, and denial m

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minimization

assigning little importance to drug use or its consequences (“oh its just a little bit”)

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rationalization

involves making excuses for the problems caused by the dependence on the substance (“i did bad cause it was hard, not cause i was hungover”)

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denial

most prevalent defense used by substance dependent people, involves insisting that nothing is wrong (“i can stop whenever I want”)

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School social worker role

consultant, counselor, facilitator, educator, advocate, broker, case manager, community intervention collaborator, and policy initiator and developer

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