SWK Final Exam

What mental health settings do social workers treat in?

address mental illnesses at the micro, mezzo and macro levels

Social workers at the micro level

provide case management, counseling, and intensive psychotherapy for chronically mentally ill people

Social workers at the mezzo level

conduct group therapy, and provide various kinds of family treatment

social workers at the macro level

initiate changes in organizational and public policy to improve service provision to large groups of clients. also may assume administrative or supervisory responsibilities in agencies providing any level of service.

group therapy (treatment groups)

help individuals solve personal problems, change unwanted behaviors, cope with stress, and improve their quality of life.

types of treatment groups

therapy, support, educational, growth, and socialization

therapy group:

group of people diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in the community and meet at a local community health center

support group:

group of adults caring for their parents who have Alzheimer’s disease

educational group:

group of parents learning about effective child management techniques

growth group:

group of gay men focusing on gay pride issues

socialization group:

current events group at a nursing home that gets together to discuss their opinions

Social workers role in mental health

inpatient mental and psychiatric hospitals. psychiatric units in general hospitals, residential treatment centers for children and adolescents, outpatient treatment agencies, employee assistance programs, and community mental health centers.

Inpatient treatment

means that clients reside in the facility for some period

residential treatment centers for children and adolescents

agency that provides children who have serious emotional and behavioral problems with residential round-the-clock care, education, interpersonal kills training, and individual group and sometimes family therapy

Empathy

the act of not only understanding how another person feels but also conveying to that person and awareness of how they feel

positive reinforcement

a procedure or consequence that increases the frequency of the behavior immediately preceding it

feedback

process of giving people information, positive or negative, about their performance or behavior

token or point systems

in which tokens or points on a chart are used in a coordinated systems to control poor behavior, develop good behavior, and monitor progress

psychiatric units in general hospitals

emergency psychiatric care on a temporary inpatient basis for people in crisis

outpatient treatment agenices

agencies and clinics provide individual, group, and family counseling for a wide range of mental health and substance abuse problems

employee assistance programs

services provided by organizations that focus on workers’ mental health and on adjustment problems that interfere with their work performance

community mental health centers

versatile local organizations that provide a range of services, from mental health treatment to education about and prevention of mental illness

person centered therapy

takes a positive view of individuals, believing that they tend to move toward becoming fully functioning

Carl Rogers (techniques for doing therapy_ person centered)

congruence, unconditional positive regard and accurate empathic understanding

How many social workers work in the mental health field?

60% of all mental health service providers are social workers. 10% are psychiatrists, 23% are psychologists, and 5% are psychiatric nurses

deinstitutionalization

process of providing services and care for people within their own communities rather than in institutional settings

cultural awareness (competence)

mastery of a particular set of knowledge, skills, policies, and programs used by a social worker that address the cultural needs of individuals, families, groups, and communities

substance abuse

use of a mind-altering substance with the resulting behavior having negative consequences or not being socially acceptable

substance dependence

reliance on the use of a substance to the extent that withdrawal occurs when the substance is not used

alcoholism

chronic disorder characterized by repeated excessive use of alcoholic beverages and decreased ability to function socially and vocationally

intoxication

development of a series of symptoms, often involving psychological or behavioral changes, directly related to intake of the substance and its influence on the central nervous system

withdrawal

array of symptoms that develop as a result of discontinued use of the substance or the compulsion to absorb the substance to avert these symptoms

withdrawal symptoms

severe abdominal pain, convulsions, anxiety attacks, depression, and uncontrollable trembling

tolerance

need to use increased amounts of the substance to reach the same level of mood alteration initially achieved

substance

commonly used to refer to mind-altering drugs, including alcohol

drug

refers to a wide range of materials that alter mood or consciousness when ingested, including amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, and hallucinogens

substance use disorder

a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and psychological symptoms resulting from continued use of a substance despite significant resulting difficulties and problematic issues

The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) cites four categories of pathological behaviors concerning how the substance is used

impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological criteria

the four categories of pathological patterns of behaviors have how many criterion listed?

11

what criterion is found in impaired control?

one through four

criterion 1

concerns an individuals multiple failed attempts to decrease or halt use of the drug

criterion 2

entails the individual spending significant amount of time either trying to acquire the substance, using it, or recuperating from its negative consequences

criterion 3

involves how an individual with a sever disorder may spend essentially all of their time in actions and pursuits concerning substance use

criterion 4

entails intense cravings for the substance

what criterion is found in social impairment?

five through seven

criterion 5

concerns inability to fulfill responsibilities at work, school, or home

criterion 6

entails experiencing problems in interpersonal relationships that are intensified by the use of a substance

criterion 7

involves decreasing or stopping participation in activities involving social interaction that had been part of regular daily life in the past

what criterion is found in risky use?

eight and nine

criterion 8

entails the use of the substance in situations that may involve physical danger

criterion 9

concerns persistent use of the substance despite experiencing acknowledged physical or psychological difficulties

what criterion is found in pharmacological issues?

ten and eleven

criterion 10

involves increased tolerance to the substance

criterion 11

entails the occurrence of withdrawal

types of mind-altering substances

stimulants and depressants s

stimulants

psychoactive substances that boost the functioning of the central nervous system

types of stimulants

amphetamines, caffeine, and nicotine

amphetamines (+methamphetamines and cocaine)

are “top of the line” stimulants c

caffeine and nictoine

“bottom shelf” stimulants.

How many deaths by tobacco?

more the 400,000 the US each year

Depressants

psychoactive substances that suppress, slow, or relax the central nervouse system

most commonly used depressant:

alcohol… the sedatives and hypnotics such as prescription painkillers

Date rape drugs

GHB and Rohpynol (roofies)

other commonly used addictive drugs that don’t fit into stimulants or depressants:

cannabinoids, dissociative anesthetics, hallucinogens, opioids and morphine derivatives

cannabinoids

including hashish and marijuana, produce euphoria, slowed thinking, impaired coordination, confusion, and sometimes anxiety

dissociative anesthetics

including ketamine and PCP, can caused increased heart rate and blood pressure, slowed motor functioning, memory loss, and potentially nausea. PCP can cause aggression and depression

hallucinogens

including LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin, result in unpredictably altered mental states, distorted perception, hallucinations and sometimes flashbacks

opioids and morphine derivatives

including heroine, morphine and opium, can cause euphoria, pain relief, drowsiness, and potentially, coma and death

psychoactive substances

molly, spice, krokodil, and bath salts

bath salts

stimulants producing effects resembling those of amphetamines, consumed orally, inhaled, or injected

cathinone( found in bath salts)

chemical substance derived from that of the khat plant.

krokodil

homemade replacement for heroine. consumed by injection with a hypodermic needle

spice

synthetic marijuana, consumed by smoking (inhalation)

molly

(MDMA) synthetic drug that has characteristics resembling stimulant amphetamines and hallucinogen mescaline, typically consumed orally by capsule or tablet

methods of ingesting substances

oral, inhalation, injection, and mucous membranes

orally

drinking or swallowing

inhalation

smoking, more efficient

injection

directly into the bloodstream

mucous membranes

“snorting,” slower than smoking and injection but quicker than oral.

treatment process’s four features

engagement, assessment, intervention, and development of continuing care plan

engagement

process of building and maintaining a productive relationship with the client

assessment

act of determining the nature and causes of a client’s problem

intervention

multiple-system approach to individualized treatment: a plan should be developed to address the client’s unique needs, issues, and strengths

development of a continuing care plan

formed after the primary treatment has ceased

resources for the treatment approaches for substance abuse

detoxification, outpatient treatment, inpatient treatment, therapeutic communities, and halfway houses

halfway houses

temporary residences to assist in the transition from an inpatient program to the the real-life community

therapeutic communities

residential programs where clients remain for one to three years. immersing clients in an environment aimed at global change in lifestyle

inpatient treatment (substance abuse)

offers a more intensive focus on the individual’s recovery…than outpatient treatment programs

outpatient treatment

received by clients who participate in a program without staying over-night at a treatment facility

detoxification

short-term treatment designed to oversee the client’s withdrawal from the substance to which he or she is addicted

four stage recovery model

abstinence, confrontation, growth and transformation

abstinence

major focus on avoiding mind-altering substances

confrontation

clients begin confronting and changing personal, family, and social issues that contributed to their chemically dependent lifestyle

growth

the beginning of a new lifestyle not involving substance use

transformation

true change in life orientation from theformer substance-using days

people who abuse alcohol or other drugs typically adopt a series of defense mechanisms to protect themselves from having to deal with problems caused by substance dependence.

minimization, rationalization, and denial m

minimization

assigning little importance to drug use or its consequences (“oh its just a little bit”)

rationalization

involves making excuses for the problems caused by the dependence on the substance (“i did bad cause it was hard, not cause i was hungover”)

denial

most prevalent defense used by substance dependent people, involves insisting that nothing is wrong (“i can stop whenever I want”)

School social worker role

consultant, counselor, facilitator, educator, advocate, broker, case manager, community intervention collaborator, and policy initiator and developer