Types of Chemical bonds - Q2

Most elements are not stable in terms of their?

outer electronic shells

Covalent, Ionic, and Metallic bonds

The three types of Chemical bonds

Why do some elements need to bond together?

In order to achieve stability by producing a stable compound.

It is when a metal and a non-metal react together, the metal atom loses electrons to form a positively charged ion and the non-metal gains these electrons to form a negatively charged ion just for them to bond.

Ionic Bonds

The oppositely charged ions between non metals and metals are strongly attracted to one another by electrostatic forces. this attraction is known as?

Ionic Bonds

These are charged particles and can be either be single atoms or groups of atoms such as compounds.

Ions

Ionic bonds have _____ melting points and boiling points due to the strong points of attraction between the ions.

High

A particle with a full outer shell is considered what?

Stable

Some particles will either lose or gain electrons in order to achieve what?

A full outer shell.

Which of the following is right about solid ionic compounds?

They don’t conduct electricity

Ionic compounds _______ in water, seprating the ions which allows it to conduct electricity as they are free to move.

dissolve easily

Which ionic bonds can conduct electricity?

Only both dissolved or melted ionic compounds

What is the structure of ionic compounds?

Giant ionic lattice

These bonds form a closely packed lattices arrangement while having strong electrostatic forces of attraction in all directions

Ionic bonds

These bonds results from the metal atom’s outer shell electrons being delocalised (free to move around).

Metallic bonds

The bond originate from the strong forces of electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and the shared negative electrons.

Metallic bonds

what are mostly solid at room temperature - the electrostatic forces between these ions and delocalised electrons require alot of energy to be broken.

Metals

These are good conductors of heat and eletricity - This is due to the delocalised electrons’ ability to carry current and thermal energy through the whole structure.

Metals

Most metals have this property where the layers of atoms within a metal can slide over each other, this means that metals can be bent, hammered, or rolled into flat sheets.

malleable

These can increase the hardness of metals - different metals have different sized atoms.

Alloys

Mixing a metal with another results in those layers becoming distorted, making it difficult for the layers to slide past each other. Thus, this property states that it’s are harder than pure metals.

Alloys

It is when non-metal atoms bond together by sharing pairs of electrons.

Covalent bonds

The positively charged nuclei of the covalent bonded atoms are attracted to the negatively charged shared electrons by what forces, making these bonds strong?

electrostatic forces

Covalent bonds have this property because lots of energy is needed to break the covalent bonds.

Very high melting and boiling points

Covalent bonds don’t contain charged particles, this means that? pick the correct statement?

Covalent bonds don’t conduct electricity.

• Diamond

• Graphite

• Silicon Dioxide.

are main examples of what type of bonds?

Covalent bonds

Each carbon atom in these substances forms three covalent bonds to create layers of hexagons.

graphite and graphene

These covalent compounds are able to conduct electricity and heat

Graphene and graphite

Each carbon atoms forms four covalent bonds in a very rigid giant covalent structure, making this substance  really hard.

diamond

Also known as silica, each grain of sand is one giant structure of silicon and oxygen.. what compound it this?

Silicon dioxide.

It is one of graphite’s properties where it has no covalent bonds between the layers resulting in the layers being able to move pass each other. What property best describes this.

Graphite is soft and slippery

Graphite’s layers being able to move pass each layer can mean practical use in engineering fields. Which of the following encompasses that practical use?

Graphite as an ideal lubricating material.

Graphite having covalent bonds that needs loads of energy to be broken means that graphite has?

A high melting point

How many electrons in carbon’s 4 outer shell electrons are used in covalent bonds?

3

How many delocalised electrons does each carbon have in graphite and graphene?

1

If carbon in both graphene and graphite has delocalised electrons, which of the following correctly states the purpose of these delocalised electrons?

It means that graphite and graphene both conduct heat and electricity.

Graphene is how many atoms thick making it a two dimensional compound?

1 atom thick

If the network of covalent bonds makes graphene pretty strong and incredibly light, which of the following makes use of this property?

This means that it can be added to composite materials to improve their strength without adding much weight.

If graphene can conduct electricity and being extremely light, which product would most likely make great use of graphite?

In electronics.

These are carbon molecules that can be shaped like closed tubes or hollow balls.

Fullerenes

These molecules are mostly arranged in hexagons but they also can contain pentagons and heptagons.

Fullerenes

It was the first ever fullerene to be discovered.

Buckminsterfullerene

It has the molecular formula of C60 and forms a hollow sphere.

Buckminsterfullerene

What are tiny carbon cylinders called?

Nano-tubed fullerenes

Fullerenes also have this property similar to graphite.

Fullerenes also make great lubricants

Because of this property of fullerenes, it can be great catalysts where individual catalysts molecules could be attached to the fullerenes

Fullerenes have a high surface area

The fullerene structure forms and envelopes around another atom or molecule, which is then trapped inside of this bubble made out of carbon. This could be used to deliver drugs into the body. What property of fullerenes is this?

Fullerene molecules can be used to cage other molecules.

Nanotube fullerene molecules has specifically this property which is similar to graphite and graphene.

Nanotube fullerenes can conduct heat and electricity

What property of nanotubes that makes them don’t break easily when stretched?

Nanotubes have a high tensile strength

Technology that utilizes very small particles such as nanotubes is called what?

Nanotechnology

Which of the following statement suggests that nanotubes have similar properties with graphene?

Nanotubes can be used in electronics or to strengthen materials without the addition of too much weight.