Prokaryotes

bacteria size

1-2 um

viruses size

20-200nm

eukaryote size

10-100um

biotech application for extremophiles

PCR, biofuels, biomining, carotenoid production, detergents

bacteria components

nucleiod, ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, capsule, flagella, pili

how do flagella move

driven by rotary motor - powered by pumping protons out of cell, diffusion of protons back in provides energy to turn filament

pili function

helps bacteria stick together for conjugation - bacteria join together to exchange plasmids

gram + cell wall

20-80nm peptidoglycan, simple single layer, has teichoic acids, no lipopolysaccharide

gram - cell wall

<10nm peptidoglycan, complex double layer, no teichoic acid, has lipopolysaccharide

4 types of viruses

filamentous, spheroid, enveloped, tailed spheroid