OTA115 CH 3 - Adaptive Skills, Role Acquisition, and Cognitive Disability Levels in Occupational Therapy

Adaptive skill - Sensory integration skill

Ability to receive, select, combine, and use information from balance (vestibular), touch (tactile), and position (proprioceptive) senses to perform functional activities.

Adaptive skill - Cognitive skill

Ability to perceive, represent, and organize sensory information for thinking and problem solving.

Adaptive skill - Dyadic interaction skill

Ability to participate in a variety of relationships involving one other person.

Adaptive skill - Group interaction skill

Ability to participate successfully in a variety of groups; generally being able to be a productive member of the group.

Adaptive skill - Self-identity skill

Ability to recognize one's own assets and limitations and to perceive the self as worthwhile, self-directed, consistent, and reliable.

Adaptive skill - Sexual identity skill

Ability to accept one's sexual nature as natural and pleasurable and to participate in a relatively long-term sexual relationship that considers both partners' needs.

Adaptive skills model - Guiding concept

Therapist provides environment that facilitates growth.

Role acquisition - Principle 1

Client Participation - Person should participate in identifying problems and goals for treatment and evaluate their progress.

Role acquisition - Principle 2

Personalized goals - Choose goals and activities reflecting the client's interests, personal/cultural values, and life roles.

Role acquisition - Principle 3

Ability-Based Goals - Goals/activities should provide a realistic challenge consistent with client's present ability.

Role acquisition - Principle 4

Increasing challenges - Increase challenges as the person's capacity increases.

Role acquisition - Principle 5

Natural Progression - Skills should be taught in a natural developmental progression.

Role acquisition - Principle 6

Client Knowledge - Clients should know what and why they are learning.

Role acquisition - Principle 7

Client Awareness - Clients should be aware of the effects of their actions.

Role acquisition - Principle 8

Practice Makes Perfect - Skills must be practiced repeatedly and applied to new situations.

Role acquisition - Principle 9

Parts of the Whole - Teach complex tasks by parts, but always do or show the entire activity.

Role acquisition - Principle 10

Imitation - People learn by imitating others.

Social skills training - Step 1

Motivation - Identify behavior to be learned and its importance.

Social skills training - Step 2

Demonstration - Therapist shows consumer how behavior should be performed.

Social skills training - Step 3

Practice - Consumer performs task in structured environment; learning is improved and built on.

Social skills training - Step 4

Feedback - Summarize what person has learned.

Cognitive Disabilities - Level 1

Lowest level, severe impairments. Slow/limited response, short attention, minimal interaction with others.

Cognitive Disabilities - Level 2

Aware of movements, initiates gross motor movement, unaware of social context, decreased attention span.

Cognitive Disabilities - Level 3

Attends to external stimuli, engages in simple, repetitive tasks, difficulty with cause and effect.

Cognitive Disabilities - Level 4

(not directly stated, but up to Level 4: Appropriate for OT intervention.)

Cognitive Disabilities - Level 6

Highest level, no impairments.

Who developed the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO)?

Gary Kielhofner

What does the MOHO encompass?

It is an encompassing model which covers all areas of the individual.

How does MOHO view the individual?

Views the individual as an open system that is affected by internal and external stimuli.

What are the 3 subsystems of MOHO?

Volition subsystem, Habituation subsystem, Performance capacity subsystem.

What is the Volition Subsystem (MOHO)?

Choices and consists of motivation; thoughts, feelings, and enacting in an occupation or activity.

What is the Habituation Subsystem (MOHO)?

Consists of habits or internalized roles, patterns and routines for organizing behavior.

What is the Performance Capacity Subsystem (MOHO)?

Based on physical and mental structures and functions.

How can changes in environment affect individuals in MOHO?

Changes in environment can lead to changes in a person’s actions, and affect sensory integration/stimulation.

Who developed the Person-Environment-Occupation Model (PEO)?

Mary Law

What is occupational behavior in the PEO Model?

The outcome of an interaction among the person, the occupational task, and the environment.

How does PEO approach individuals and occupations?

The individual and their occupations cannot be separated from the environment; PEO is holistic in nature.

What defines the PEO model?

Defined by transactions—adjustments and changes; focuses on person-environment fit and is person-centered.

Where did the Sensory Integration Model originate?

Originated from treating children with learning disabilities.

What is the role of the sensory system in this model?

Sensory system works together to provide information to individual, providing perception and motor action input.

What is proprioception in the Sensory Integration/Processing Model?

Body awareness without having to attend to individual body parts; knowledge of where body is in space.

What is vestibular awareness?

Provides body with input concerning balance, velocity, and acceleration of body.

What relationship exists between sensory integration and consumers with schizophrenia?

Consumers may present with deficits in reception or processing of proprioceptive and vestibular information, which can contribute or cause psychotic symptoms.

What did King identify in individuals with schizophrenia?

Identified common postural habits in individuals with schizophrenia, related to impairment in the central nervous system.

What are key concepts when working with mental health populations using the sensory integration model?

Attention should be kept on outcome of activity; activity should be pleasurable so there is an increase in success.