3.2.1.2 Prokaryotic Cells + Viruses

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Last updated 9:23 AM on 6/4/26
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6 Terms

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prokaryotic cells

DNA is free in the cytoplasm and has no membrane-bound organelles, means ‘before nucleus’

<p><strong>DNA is free</strong> in the cytoplasm and has <strong>no membrane-bound</strong> organelles, means ‘before nucleus’</p>
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DIFFERENCES with eukaryotic cells

-smaller cells

-lacks membrane-bound organelles

-smaller ribosomes (70S)

-no nucleus - instead has circular DNA that is free + no histones

-has a murein cell wall

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other features of prokaryotes

-plasmids: small ring of DNA that has genes which help the survival of bacteria e.g. enzymes against antibiotics

-capsule: used as protection from cells of immune system - sticks groups of cells together

-flagella: rotating tail propels organism

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structures found in ALL bacteria not in plant cells

-circular DNA

-murein cell wall

-smaller ribosomes

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viruses

-are ‘particles’ - acellular = no cell membrane, non-living = no metabolism

-need host cells to replicate

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STRUCTURE of viruses

-genetic material (RNA) - codes for viral proteins, can also have reverse transcriptase e.g. AIDS

-capsid: fuses with the cell membrane

-attachment proteins: allows virus to identify and attach to host cell