Developmental Milestones and Health Promotion in Infancy and Childhood

These flashcards cover key concepts from developmental milestones and health promotion strategies for infants, toddlers, preschoolers, school-age children, and adolescents.

What age range is associated with Piaget's Sensorimotor stage and Erikson's Trust vs. Mistrust stage?

Newborn/Infant (0–12 months)

What are the components of a Newborn Physical Exam?

Head-to-toe exam including skin, HEENT, chest, abdomen, GU, extremities, neuro, reflexes.

What are expected findings during a newborn physical exam?

Lanugo, vernix, soft fontanels, newborn reflexes.

What is an important health promotion guideline for newborns regarding sleep?

Back to sleep.

What are some major biologic changes expected in the first year of life?

Weight doubles by 6 months, triples by 1 year; height increases by 50%.

What common parental concerns arise during infancy?

Sleep, feeding, crying, stranger anxiety.

What is the optimal nutrition guideline for infants?

Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months; iron-fortified formula if not breastfed.

What common injuries should be prevented in infants?

Aspiration, suffocation, falls, burns, poisoning, MVCs.

What stage of play is typical for toddlers aged 12–36 months?

Parallel play.

What psychosocial crisis do toddlers face?

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt.

What nutritional transition occurs around 3 meals per day for toddlers?

Transition to whole milk until 2 years.

What type of fears may preschoolers experience?

Fears of monsters, darkness, new siblings.

What is the key cognitive characteristic of preschool-aged children?

Magical thinking and animism.

What is a common stressor for school-age children (6–12 years)?

School demands and peer pressure.

What health concerns are prevalent in adolescence (12–18 years)?

Accidents, STIs, pregnancy, eating disorders, suicide, substance use.