Chapter 1-5: Sleep, Stress, Exercise, and Energy (Vocabulary)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms related to sleep, stress, exercise, and energy production from the lecture notes.

REM sleep

Rapid Eye Movement sleep; a sleep stage associated with dreaming and high brain activity, during which memory processing may occur.

Sleep cycle

A recurring progression through sleep stages (light sleep, deep sleep, and REM) that repeats across the night.

Deep sleep

Also known as slow‑wave sleep; the restorative sleep stage where the body repairs itself.

Stressor

An event or condition that causes stress.

Perception of stress

How the brain interprets a stressor, influenced by processing through sleep cycles and personal context.

Aerobic exercise

Exercise that requires oxygen to produce energy and is typically sustained over longer periods.

Anaerobic exercise

High‑intensity, short‑duration activity that can occur without sufficient oxygen, relying on anaerobic energy pathways.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate; the cell’s energy currency used to power biological work.

Glucose

A simple sugar and primary carbohydrate fuel for ATP production.

Fatty acids

Components of fats that can be broken down to generate ATP, especially in aerobic metabolism.

Oxygen

Molecule required for efficient aerobic energy production.

Carbohydrates

Macronutrients that provide energy; pizza is given as an example containing carbohydrates.

Fats

Macronutrients that provide dense energy and contribute to ATP production.

Proteins

Macronutrients essential for body tissues and muscle; can also serve as an energy source.

Benadryl (diphenhydramine)

Over‑the‑counter antihistamine that can alter sleep and affect sleep architecture.

Caffeine

Stimulant that can disrupt sleep and affect sleep cycles if consumed too late in the day.