World History Unit 1 Summative 2

What year was the Bronze Age collapse

1100 BCE

Describe Bronze Age collapse

Several Bronze Age societies disappear/collapse, we don’t know why.

What is a universalizing religion

Anyone can join, member seek to recruit/grow the religion

Example of a universalizing religion

Islam

polytheism

Belief in many gods/goddesses, different gods for different things

Monotheism

Belief in only one god, interacts with everyone and is everything all at once

What is the Hindu caste system

Religious justification/classification of your social standing/class. If you are born poor/rich, god wanted it to be that way

Main aim of Buddhism

End human suffering, 4 noble truths, spread message

Explain how Confucianism has lad a lasting impact on cultures of the far East

The goal is peace and tranquility, which is taught to be attainable through order and mutual respect. Respect/honor ancestors

What made Judaism new and unique from previous religions

It is the first monotheistic religion

Why do Jewish people feel so strongly about retaining their territory in modern day israel/palestine

It’s the only country where they are the majority, and it is their promise land- god promised it to them

What is one tenet of Christianity that makes it so appealing to converts

Jesus travels the land preaching of Gods forgiveness and love

What is a follower of Islam

Muslim

Why is Jerusalem often the location of conflict and instability

Christianity, Judaism, and Islam all have extremely religious sites here (on top of each other) or right next to each other

Difference between a king/queen and emperor/empress

King/queen rules over their own people and emperor/empress rules over their people and other people they conquered

Theocracy

Any government that is intertwined with religion, political and religious leaders are the same

Monarchy

Ruble by a king, who inherited power and passed it onto his heirs

Oligarchy

Rule by a small group of wealthy nobles, money is power

Tyranny

Rule by a tyrant (a noble who seized [power was taken by force/fear] absolute power)

Democracy

Rule by the people, everybody has a say in what decisions are made

Explain how the US is not a direct democracy

We vote on people who then vote on actual decisions, a representative democracy

Two strengths of democracy

Respects will of people, allows for disagreement

Two weaknesses of democracy

Slow decision making process, elections are costly

What was significant about Alexander the Great

He conquered the known world and spread Greek language, culture , and customs everywhere he went.

What was the Hellenistic period

Everyone loves/is inspired by Greek stuff (thanks to Alexander the Great)

Republic vs Direct democracy

Republic- we the people don’t make decisions, rather our choice is used to elect people who make decisions for us

Direct Democracy- everyone votes on each issue (taxes, abortion, etc.)

3 contributions of the Roman Empire

• great engineers- aqueducts

• Roads- over 74,000 miles of roads to quickly move the army

  • Concrete- new building material that goes from sludge to a strong/solid material, allows for new shapes/structures

Official language of Rome

Latin

Two languages that come from Latin

Spanish and French

Pax Romana

A time of Roman peace when they were so powerful that nobody could fight them, so they didn’t have any issues/wars

How does Pax Romana relate to modern international relations theory

IRT says that if one country is so much stronger than all the others, there will be peace because nobody wants to challenge it and be hurt/destroyed

3 things that weakened Rome

• natural disasters- tsunamis, earthquakes, diseases

• Military problems- army became lazy during Pax Romana 

• Political assassinations- made Rome appear unstable

What did Emperor Diocletian did to the Roman Empire in 286 CE, believing it would help alleviate some of the problems facing the empire

He split it into East and West empires, the east being more profitable/doing better

Why is it referred to as the Byzantine empire and not the roman empire

Byzantine had a different language, religion, and location

What is geographically significant about Byzantium/Constantinople/Istanbul

The front door of Europe: where Asia and Europe touch and between two seas. The Silk Road also runs right through it

What powerful force from the Middle East was kept out of Europe by the Byzantines

Islam

What challenge do historians face when looking at the history of early African Kingdoms

Lack of written histories, most stories/history was passed down by word of mouth

Two contributions of the Arab Golden Age

Cotton, Deodorant