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What year was the Bronze Age collapse
1100 BCE
Describe Bronze Age collapse
Several Bronze Age societies disappear/collapse, we don’t know why.
What is a universalizing religion
Anyone can join, member seek to recruit/grow the religion
Example of a universalizing religion
Islam
polytheism
Belief in many gods/goddesses, different gods for different things
Monotheism
Belief in only one god, interacts with everyone and is everything all at once
What is the Hindu caste system
Religious justification/classification of your social standing/class. If you are born poor/rich, god wanted it to be that way
Main aim of Buddhism
End human suffering, 4 noble truths, spread message
Explain how Confucianism has lad a lasting impact on cultures of the far East
The goal is peace and tranquility, which is taught to be attainable through order and mutual respect. Respect/honor ancestors
What made Judaism new and unique from previous religions
It is the first monotheistic religion
Why do Jewish people feel so strongly about retaining their territory in modern day israel/palestine
It’s the only country where they are the majority, and it is their promise land- god promised it to them
What is one tenet of Christianity that makes it so appealing to converts
Jesus travels the land preaching of Gods forgiveness and love
What is a follower of Islam
Muslim
Why is Jerusalem often the location of conflict and instability
Christianity, Judaism, and Islam all have extremely religious sites here (on top of each other) or right next to each other
Difference between a king/queen and emperor/empress
King/queen rules over their own people and emperor/empress rules over their people and other people they conquered
Theocracy
Any government that is intertwined with religion, political and religious leaders are the same
Monarchy
Ruble by a king, who inherited power and passed it onto his heirs
Oligarchy
Rule by a small group of wealthy nobles, money is power
Tyranny
Rule by a tyrant (a noble who seized [power was taken by force/fear] absolute power)
Democracy
Rule by the people, everybody has a say in what decisions are made
Explain how the US is not a direct democracy
We vote on people who then vote on actual decisions, a representative democracy
Two strengths of democracy
Respects will of people, allows for disagreement
Two weaknesses of democracy
Slow decision making process, elections are costly
What was significant about Alexander the Great
He conquered the known world and spread Greek language, culture , and customs everywhere he went.
What was the Hellenistic period
Everyone loves/is inspired by Greek stuff (thanks to Alexander the Great)
Republic vs Direct democracy
Republic- we the people don’t make decisions, rather our choice is used to elect people who make decisions for us
Direct Democracy- everyone votes on each issue (taxes, abortion, etc.)
3 contributions of the Roman Empire
great engineers- aqueducts
Roads- over 74,000 miles of roads to quickly move the army
Concrete- new building material that goes from sludge to a strong/solid material, allows for new shapes/structures
Official language of Rome
Latin
Two languages that come from Latin
Spanish and French
Pax Romana
A time of Roman peace when they were so powerful that nobody could fight them, so they didn’t have any issues/wars
How does Pax Romana relate to modern international relations theory
IRT says that if one country is so much stronger than all the others, there will be peace because nobody wants to challenge it and be hurt/destroyed
3 things that weakened Rome
natural disasters- tsunamis, earthquakes, diseases
Military problems- army became lazy during Pax Romana
Political assassinations- made Rome appear unstable
What did Emperor Diocletian did to the Roman Empire in 286 CE, believing it would help alleviate some of the problems facing the empire
He split it into East and West empires, the east being more profitable/doing better
Why is it referred to as the Byzantine empire and not the roman empire
Byzantine had a different language, religion, and location
What is geographically significant about Byzantium/Constantinople/Istanbul
The front door of Europe: where Asia and Europe touch and between two seas. The Silk Road also runs right through it
What powerful force from the Middle East was kept out of Europe by the Byzantines
Islam
What challenge do historians face when looking at the history of early African Kingdoms
Lack of written histories, most stories/history was passed down by word of mouth
Two contributions of the Arab Golden Age
Cotton, Deodorant
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