Pharmaceutics II: Lecture 2: Topical Dosage Forms

3ayza anam

Which of the following is not a trait of oleaginous ointment bases:

None of the above

__________ inhibit water loss from the skin by forming a water proof film

Oleaginous ointment bases

Which of the following is an advantage of using hydrocarbon ointment bases for hydration:

They remain on the skin for prolonged period of time without drying out

Which of the following is not an oleaginous ointment base:

Lanolin

__________ is a purified mix of semi-solid hydrocarbons from petroleum

Both soft paraffin and petroleum jelly

The white form of soft paraffin is used in formulations with dark-colored ingredients (True/False)

False; unbleached

Many types of paraffin are used in pharmaceutical formulations, however, the __________ form of soft paraffin is likely to irritate patients

white

Which oleaginous ointment base is used in ophthalmic formulations

Yellow soft paraffin

__________ is a purified mix of solid hydrocarbons from petroleum

None of the above

Which of the following is not true about hard paraffin:

None of the above

__________ is a purified mix of liquid hydrocarbons from petroleum

Liquid paraffin

Liquid paraffin is a transparent, colorless, almost odorless oily liquid (True/False)

True

Which of the following ointment bases must be stored with an antioxidant:

Mineral oil

Which of the following is true about liquid paraffin:

i: It is liable to oxidation during long storage periods

ii: It is used to reduce the viscosity of creams

Both i and ii

Which of the following is true about plastibases:

All of the above

Which of the following is true about plastibases:

They are gel-like

Which of the following is an advantage of using plastibases:

All of the above

Which of the following is not a trait of absorption ointment bases:

They do not absorb water

Oleaginous ointment bases are less occlusive than absorption ointment bases (True/False)

False; more occlusive than

Why are absorption ointment bases not easily washed away using water:

Their emulsions have oleaginous external phases

Which of the following is an emulsified absorption ointment base:

None of the above

Which of the following is a non-emulsified absorption ointment base:

Wool fat

__________ ointment bases consist of a mixture of an emulsifying agent with one or more paraffins and absorb water and aqueous solutions to produce water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions

Non-emulsified absorption

The two non-emulsified absorption ointment bases are: __________ which is obtained from sheep wool, and __________ which consists mainly of myricyl palmitate with small amounts of cholesterol

Anhydrous lanolin; beeswax

“__________ has long been used in the skin care and cosmetics industry as an effective emollient, commonly used in body creams and lotions to lock in much-needed moisture and prevent water loss”

Lanolin

W/O emulsions can be made using absorption bases or emulsion bases (True/False)

True

The following is a description of which ointment base:

i: Insoluble in water
ii: Occlusive
iii: May absorb water

W/O emulsion bases

The following is a description of which ointment base:

i: Insoluble in water
ii: Non-occlusive
iii: Absorbs water

None of the above

While O/W emulsion creams are __________, W/O emulsion creams are __________

matte; shiny

__________ creams need glycerin to prevent dryness

Vanishing creams

__________ creams and __________ creams can be cleansing or emollients

cold; night

Which of the following is not an O/W cream:

None of the above

Which of the following is an advantage of using creams:

All of the above

O/W can creams mix with aqueous secretions and can readily wash off the skin, making them useful for scalp treatments (True/False)

True

For which of the following cases should you use a cream and not an ointment:

All of the above

__________ ointment bases which are soluble in water, non-occlusive, and do absorb water to the point of solubility and therefore are only used for the incorporation of solid substances

Water soluble

Water soluble ointment bases are used for the incorporation of solid substances only (True/False)

True

Which of the following is not an example of a water soluble ointment base:

Liquid paraffin

Which of the following is not an advantage of using water soluble ointment bases:

They are used for incorporation of solid substance only

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using macrogols:

All of the above

Usage of __________ may diminish the antimicrobial activity of quaternary ammonium compounds and benzoates

macrogols

Macrogols preferably should not be used with which of the following:

All of the above

__________ is found in topical medications to treat mucosal surfaces such as the skin, nose, lips, and ears but should not be used in the eyes

Polyethylene glycol ointment

Rank the following ointment bases from most to least occlussive:

i: Hard paraffin
ii: Polyethylene glycol
iii: Wool alcohol
iv: Shaving cream

i, iii, iv, ii

Rank the following ointment bases from least to most water insoluble:

i: Hydrophilic ointment
ii: Vaseline
iii: Hydrous wool fat
iv: Cleansing cream

i, iv, iii, ii

Rank the following ointment bases from least to most water soluble:

i: Waxy solid PEG 4000
ii: White soft paraffin
iii: Emollient creams
iv: Hydrophilic ointment

ii, iii, iv, i

Rank the following ointment bases from least to most water absorptive:

i: Mineral oil
ii: Macrogol
iii: Lanolin

i, iii, ii

Rank the following ointment bases from most to least water absorptive:

i: Foundation cream
ii: Waxy solid PEG 4000
iii: Night cream
iv: Petroleum jelly

ii, i, iii, iv

Which of the following pairings is correct:

Wool alcohol; Absorption base

Which of the following pairings is correct:

Shaving cream; W/O emulsion base

Which of the following pairings is incorrect:

Wool fat; Oleaginous base

Which of the following pairings is incorrect:

Foundation cream; O/W emulsion base

Which of the following pairings is incorrect:

All of the above

Which of the following can be added in ointment formulations:

All of the above

Emollients can be used to prevent burns (True/False)

True

Arachis, castor, and olive oils are used as solvents in ointment formulations (True/False)

False; softening agents

While both can be used as emollients, __________ is not susceptible to oxidation, unlike __________

palmitate; arachis oil

A major flaw of using vegetable oils as emollients is that they:

Vary in composition

Which of the following is not a synthetic fatty acid ester:

Butylated hydroxytoluene

Liquid paraffin is both a polar organic solvent and a humectant (True/False)

False; Propylene Glycol

Which of the following is an antioxidant:

Butylated hydroxytoluene

Preservatives are always required in hydrous and anhydrous ointments (True/False)

False

Which of the following is not an ointment base:

None of the above

Zinc Oxide is used as a skin protectant in some formulations (True/False)

True