Studied by 9 people
empathy
the ability to understand and share the feelings of another
altruism
unselfish concern for the welfare of others
Multitasking
performing multiple tasks at the same time
Rosser et al (2007)
Cognitive processing in the digital world
Aim: To investigate whether playing videogames results in better surgery performance in laparoscopic surgeons.
Method: Correlational study. Surgeons were assessed on their regular hospital roles. Surgeons answered a questionnaire in order to assess gaming experience. They were then asking to play 3 games for 25 minutes, and the total score obtained was used to indicate skill.
Participants: 33 laparoscopic surgeons
Results: Videogame skill was highly correlated with less time and fewer errors in drills.
Conclusion: Videogames improve fine motor skills and attention.
Evaluation: Highly specific tasks; not know whether digital technology has any effect on cognition in a wider domain.
virtual reality
A computer-simulated environment that can be a simulation of the real world or an imaginary world
response delay
time measurement between when they received the text and when they responded (Rosen et al., 2011)
Cognitive componenet of empathy
understand what others feel, take perspective
Emotional component of empathy
"feeling along" with others
Interpersonal reactivity index (IRI)
personality score that measures both emotional and cognitive components of empathy
virtual empathy
Empathy through a computer mediated platform
non-verbal cues
perceptual information communicated though behaviors rather than words or sound; include dress, posture, facial expression, eye contact and body language
How has the average empathy scores changed among college students in the US?
decreased- associated with digital era (cell phones and social media
4 parts of the IRI test
- perspective taking
- fantasy
- empathetic concern
- personal distress
Conclusion: Konrath, O'Brien and Hsing (2011)
Discussing the possible reasons behind the observed trends, the authors point at the fact that this decline in empathy scores coincides with the onset of the digital era
Conclusion of Carrier et al (2015)
Some digital activities may lead to an increase in real-world empathy, while some others affect it detrimentally.
Method: Carrier et al., 2015
correlational-using questionnaires
Method: Konrath, O'Brien and Hsing (2011)
Meta-analysis of correlational studies
How does the virtual world impact friendships?
Positive for existing and negative for new
Neuroplasticity
the ability within the brain to constantly change both the structure and function of many cells in response to experience
short term memory (working memory)
the memory system in which information is held for brief periods of time while being used
declarative memory
It refers to memories which can be consciously recalled such as facts and events.
Digital Amnesia
people are ready to forget important information in the belief that it can be immediately retrieved from a digital device
google effects on memory
If you think you can look up information later, you are less likely to remember
Conclusion of Rosser et al, 2007
video game playing and mastery have a positive impact on laparoscopic surgical procedures
Method of Rosser et al., 2007
Quasi-experiment
In social science, what is the standard p-value to establish statistical significance?
(P ≤ 0.05)
Positive impact of video games
- Hand-eye coordination
- Reaction time
- Spatial visualization
- Mental rotation
Conclusion of Sanchez, 2012
Reading without illustration requires learner to translate and encode spatial representations
- Skills generalizable
Method of Sanchez, 2012
Experiment
Examples of how the lack of accuracy leads to biases
- Reconstructive memory
- heuristics
What does the reliability of a cognitive process refer to?
- accuracy
- performance
Conclusion of Rosen et al., 2013
The incidence of off-task behaviour among students is high, with at least 1/3 of the study time spent off-task.
Method of Rosen et al., 2013
Correlational and observational
Who did a longitudinal research that supports Rosen et al., 2013?
Swing et al., 2010
Metacognitive Strategies
Self-management method that includes the ability to identify cognitive challenges during day-to-day activities and to create strategies that can be duplicated over time
Conclusion of Rosen et al., 2011
Low grey matter density in the anterior cingulated cortex (ACC) may be the physiological basis of being prone to induced media multitasking.
Which brain part is associated with poor multitasking?
anterior cingulated cortex (ACC)
Note
Flashcard