Middle Childhood/Adolescence

Middle childhood is the _____ period of the life span

healthiest

During middle childhood, what skills increase?

• reaction time

• attention

• athletic participation

_____ and ____ rates increase during middle childhood

obesity, asthma

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

• inattention, impulsiveness, hyperactivity

• most common neurological disorder

ADHD is _x more likely in boys

4

What is the average age that ADHD is diagnosed?

7

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

• impairments in social interaction and social communication

• presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors, interests, and/or activities

People with ASD may have difficulty

• participating in conversations

• making friends

• unusual response to sensory stimulation

What age is ASD commonly given after?

2

Individualized Education Plan (IEP)

• document that specifies education goals and plans for a child with intellectual disorders

Least Restrictive Environment

• legal req. that children with intellectual develop. disorders be assigned the most general educational context in which they can be expected to learn

What stage of thought is middle childhood in?

Concrete Operational Thought

Concrete Operational Thought

• logical abilities lead to productive thinking

• thinking is grounded in actual experiences

  • through experiences

  • through observations

Classification

• organizing things into groups, categories, or classes

• can understand what is shared and not shared

What is this an example of?

Food: meat, dairy, fruit

Divisons

What is this an example of?

meat: chicken, pork, beef

Subdivisions

What is this an example of?

“bacon is always pork, however pork is not always bacon”

hierarchy

Sequence (seriation)

• things can be organized into a logical sequence

What is this an example of?

Socks before shoes

Sequence

What is this an example of?

15 is always 15

Conservation

What is this an example of?

20-29 are all in the 20s

Classification

What is this an example of?

134 < 143

Seriation

What is this an example of?

5 × 3 = 15, 15/3 =5

Reversibility

Vygotsky says that: education should be _____, not just on memorization

application-based

Learning is impacted by

• family

• school

• culture

Theory of Mind

• ability to understand that others may feel and think differently than you

• ex. Kim thinks the apple is bad, you think it is good

Suffixes

• added to the end of words

Can middle childhood understand words they have not heard before?

Yes, use prefixes, suffixes to understand meanings of unknown words

ex.

know - salty

not know - unsalty

know that un means not

know - unsalted means not salty

Middle childhood is in what Erikson stage?

Industry v. Inferiority

Industry v. Inferiority

• goal: have pride in their accomplishments

• if not, feel incapable and useless

Self-concept

• idea about oneself

Self-concept is affected by

• genes

• SES

• attachment

Cognitive coping

• Childs interpretation of what occurred makes a difference

By age __, children are chooser about friends

10

Two types of Popular kids

• cooperative and easy to get along with

• competitive and aggressive

Four types of unpopular kids

• neglected

• aggressive

• withdrawn

• victims of bullying

Puberty

• time btw first onrush of hormones and full adult physical development

How long does puberty tend to last?

3-5 years

How puberty begins?

1. Hormonal signal from hypothalamus to pituitary gland

2. Pituitary gland signals adrenal glands and ovaries/testes to produce hormones

What do females produce?

Estradiol (estrogen)

What do males produce?

Testosterone

Hormone surge affects

• body

• brain

• behavior

What are gonads?

• the glands that produce gametes

  • females → eggs

  • males → sperm

Female Puberty

• occurs between 8-12

• ends around 4 years after

Menarche

• first period

• ovulation begins

• can become pregnant

Male Puberty

• starts at around 13

• able to produce sperm

• ends around 20

Early puberty can lead to

• more emotional and behavioral health problems

• later health problems

  • breast cancer

  • diabetes

  • stroke

Girl early puberty

• lower self-esteem

• depression

• poor body image

• attraction to older boys

Boy early puberty

• more aggressive

• law-breaking

• alcohol-abusing

OR

• more anxious

• depressed

• afraid of x

Organ growth

Lungs ___ in weight, heart ___ in size

triples, doubles

____ makes teen more impulsive because of hormonal influence

amygdala

Egocentrism

• all eyes are on me

• increase in self consciousness

• less realistic thinking

Adolescents are in what thought?

Formal Operational Thought

Formal Operational Thought

• now can consider abstractions and logic

• can think of possibilities

• criticize what is bc of what could be

Top-down deductive reasoning

• start with an abstract idea and use logic to draw conclusions

What Erikson stage are adolescents in?

Identity v. Role Confusion

Identity v. Role confusion

• who am I?

• roles, beliefs, attitudes, inspirations

Identity foreclosure

• instead of figuring things out, choose to accept a belief system without question