APHUG Chapter 12 Vocab

service

activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to the provider

consumer service

business that provides services primarily to individual consumers

business service

service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses

public service

offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses

settlement

permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants

quaternary sector

intellectual and information services (research and development)

quinary sector

high level decision making in education, business, government, and science that has a global impact

central place theory

explains where the most profitable locations for services are located

central place

market center for the exchange of goods and services by people attracted from the surrounding area

market area

area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services

range

maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service

threshold

minimum number of people needed to support a service

rank-size rule

pattern of settlements where the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest (MDCs)

primate city rule

pattern of settlements where the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement

primate city

largest settlement in a country with more than twice as many people as the second largest

gravity model

potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location

food desert

area that has a substantial amount of low-income residents and has poor access to a grocery store

periodic market

collection of individual vendors who come together to offer goods and services in a location of specified days

global city

major center for the provision of services in the global economy

basic business

sells its products/services to consumers outside the settlement

nonbasic business

sells its products primarily to consumers in the community

economic base

community’s collection of basic businesses

clustered rural settlements

houses and farm buildings of families are situated close together with fields surrounding the settlement

dispersed rural settlement

pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages

enclosure movement

process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century

urbanization

increase in the percentage of people living in urban settlements

megacity

urban settlement with a total population above 10 million

metacity

urban settlement with a total population above 20 million