IB SPORT FRICTION, WORK, POWER

2026

What effect does a collision have on the momentum of the bodies involved?

It results in a change in momentum.

How is the change in momentum of an object related to the impulse applied to it?

The change in momentum is equal to the applied impulse.

Which specific coefficient affects collisions involving a ball?

The coefficient of restitution.

Where can the equation for the coefficient of restitution be located for SEHS students?

In the SEHS data booklet.

In the context of collisions, the change in momentum is equal to the _____ applied to the object.

impulse

What value determines the magnitude of the force of friction?

The coefficient of friction.

What are the two types of friction coefficients mentioned in the text?

Static friction and dynamic friction.

on what factor do the coefficients of static and dynamic friction depend?

The materials in contact.

For what purpose can frictional force be modified in a sporting context?

To improve sports performance.

Where are the equations for the coefficients of static and dynamic friction found?

In the SEHS data booklet.

The force of friction (Ff​) is determined by the _____ of friction.

Coefficient

What fundamental action results in work being done?

The application of a force over a distance.

What is the consequence for energy when work is performed?

Energy is transformed from one form to others.

How is power defined in terms of work?

Power is a measure of the rate at which work is done.

Measuring power output serves as a measure of what aspect of work?

Work intensity.

Through what two primary means can power output be optimized?

Correct technique and effective equipment design.

Where can a student find the specific equations for work and power?

In the SEHS data booklet.

Work results from the application of a _____ over a distance.

Force

What occurs to energy when work is done?

It is transformed from one form to others.

Power is a measure of the _____ at which work is done.

Rate

How can the effective design of sports equipment impact an athlete's power output?

It can optimize power output.

Besides equipment design, what other factor can be used to optimize power output?

Correct technique.

A collision results in a change in _____ in the colliding bodies.

Momentum

The coefficient of _____ is used to analyze collisions involving a ball.

Restitution

What determines the specific values of the coefficients of static and dynamic friction?

The materials in contact.

Concept: Power output measurement.

Application: Measuring work intensity.

Concept: Work.

Definition: The result of applying force over a distance.

Concept: Impulse.

Definition: The measure equal to the change in momentum of an object.

Concept: Frictional force modification.

Goal: To improve sports performance.

Under what condition is energy transformed from one form to another according to B.2.1.4?

When work is done.

Which document contains the formulas for calculating work and power?

The SEHS data booklet.

The coefficients of static and dynamic friction depend on the _____ in contact.

materials

What is the relationship between impulse (J) and the change in momentum (Δp)?

They are equal (J=Δp).

Which factor involving materials determines the force of friction (Ff​)?

The coefficient of friction (μ).

Why is the measurement of power output useful in evaluating work?

it provides a measure of work intensity.

What is the result of applying a force over a distance?

work

Which coefficient is required to calculate the force of friction?

The coefficient of friction (μ).

What physical quantity is defined as the rate of doing work?

power

In collisions, what does the coefficient of restitution specifically apply to?

balls

How does correct technique affect an athlete's power output?

It optimizes power output.

How does the design of sports equipment contribute to an athlete's performance?

It helps optimize power output.

The change in momentum in colliding bodies is the direct result of a _____.

collision

Static and dynamic friction coefficients are determined by the properties of the _____.

Materials in contact

Where would a student find the formulas for static and dynamic friction coefficients?

The SEHS data booklet.

What is the relationship between the rate of work and power?

Power is the measure of the rate at which work is done.

What is the direct relationship between impulse and momentum in a collision?

Impulse is equal to the change in momentum.

To improve sports performance, an athlete might seek to modify _____.

Frictional force

Work intensity can be measured by assessing _____.

Power output

Applying a force over a distance is the procedural definition of _____.

work

What is the primary factor that dictates the coefficients of friction (μs​ and μd​)?

The materials in contact.

Which specific laws are used to analyze both linear and angular motion?

Newton's laws of motion

List the three primary terms used to describe the motion of an object.

Speed, velocity, and acceleration

The resultant motion of an object is determined by the _____ of the forces acting on it.

sum

How does the height of the center of mass relative to the supporting surface affect stability?

A lower center of mass increases stability.

What is the relationship between the size of the support base and an athlete's stability?

A larger support base increases stability.

To maintain stability, what is the required position of the line of gravity relative to the support base?

The line of gravity must be within the support base.

How does an object's mass influence its stability?

Greater mass increases stability.

Name the four factors identified in the text that affect an object's stability.

Height of the center of mass, size of support base, position of the line of gravity, and mass.

Which biomechanical principle describes the combination of multiple forces from different body segments?

The principle of summing joint forces

In linear motion, what is the relationship between the applied impulse and the change in linear momentum?

The greater the impulse applied, the greater the change in linear momentum.

The change in linear momentum is equal to the _____.

impulse applied

What principle determines the path or orientation an object takes following the application of a force?

The principle of impulse direction

Term: Angular Motion

Definition: Motion produced by the application of a force acting at a distance from the center of mass.

What is the term for a force that acts at a distance from the center of mass?

Eccentric force

Under what condition is the angular momentum of an athlete or object conserved?

When the athlete or object is free of additional eccentric forces.

What type of force must be applied to produce angular motion?

An eccentric force

What is the primary physical result of a collision between two bodies?

A change in momentum