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Prehension
The act of seizing and conveying feed into the mouth.
Mastication
The mechanical breakdown of feed into finer particles through chewing.
Insalivation
The process of mixing feed with saliva.
Bolus Formation
The formation of balls of feed out of masticated feed particles, particularly in ruminants.
Rumination
The process by which ruminants regurgitate and remasticate food after initial ingestion.
Esophagus
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach, facilitating the movement of food.
Monogastric Animals
Animals with a simple one-compartment stomach, such as pigs.
Ruminants
Animals with a compound stomach that has four compartments, such as cattle and sheep.
Rumen
The first compartment of the ruminant stomach, primarily involved in microbial fermentation.
Salivary Glands
Glands that produce saliva, which aids in swallowing and may contain digestive enzymes.
Pancreas
A gland that produces digestive enzymes for digestion in the small intestine.
Liver
An organ that secretes bile for the emulsification of fats in the small intestine.
Cecum
A part of the large intestine that assists in the digestion of fiber, particularly in herbivorous monogastric animals.
Herbivorous Monogastrics
Monogastric animals with a functional cecum, adapted to utilize roughages for nutrient sources.