Organic Chemistry Reactions and Mechanisms

Flashcards covering key organic chemistry terms, reactions, and mechanisms from the lecture notes.

Carbocation

A positively charged carbon atom that is an intermediate in chemical reactions.

Syn addition

A type of addition reaction where the new substituents are added to the same side of the double bond.

Trans addition

A type of addition reaction where the new substituents are added to opposite sides of the double bond.

Hydroboration-Oxidation

A two-step reaction process where alkenes are converted to alcohols, using BH₃ and H₂O₂.

Ketone

A functional group characterized by a carbonyl (C=O) group bonded to two carbon atoms.

Aldehyde

A functional group consisting of a carbonyl (C=O) group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.

Lindlar Catalyst

A catalyst used in hydrogenation reactions to selectively reduce alkynes to cis-alkenes.

NaNH₂

Sodium amide, a strong base often used in organic synthesis for deprotonation and as a nucleophile.

H₂O

Water, often used as a solvent or reactant in chemical reactions.

H₂

Hydrogen gas, commonly used as a reducing agent in organic reactions.

When adding :

H+

——

H20

When adding :

H2

—————

Pt/ Pd/ Ni

When adding :

1. NaNH2

——————

2. CH3-Br

When adding :

H2

———-

Lindlar

When adding :

H2M

When adding:

1.(sia)2BH

———————

2.H2O2,NaOH

When adding:

2Na\omicron (not oxygen but exponent zero)

———

2NH3

When adding:

1.Br2

————-

2. 3NaNH3

3. H2O

When adding:

1.BH3………….H20

————- OR ———

2. H2O2………H2SO4

NaOH

Now we want a alkyne . We have this what do we add.

1.Br2

—————

2. NaNH2

Now we want a alkyne. We have this what do we add.

1.NaNH2

————

2. CH3-Br

We add:

Br2

It’s trans addition.

We add:

Br2

——

H20

It’s trans addition.

We add :

BH3

It’s syn addition.

We add:

OSO4

It’s syn addition.

We add:

O3.

We add:

H+,(cat)

—————

H20

We add

1.Hg, H20

—

2. NaBH

It’s trans addition.

We add

H

—

Br

We add

H2

——

Pd