Cell Structure pt 2 and Membrane Transport L5

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to cell structure and membrane transport, providing a comprehensive review for exam preparation.

Plasma Membrane

Encapsulates the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, serving as a barrier and interface for communication.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that have an endomembrane system for compartmentalization, including structures like the nucleus and organelles.

Phospholipid Bilayer

A structure formed by phospholipids in which hydrophilic heads face water and hydrophobic tails face inward, creating a semi-permeable membrane.

Amphipathic

Refers to molecules that have both hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic (water-fearing) regions, such as phospholipids.

Selective Permeability

The property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass while keeping others out.

Transmembrane Proteins

Proteins that span the length of the membrane and participate in communication and transport of substances.

Active Transport

The movement of substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy in the form of ATP.

Endocytosis

The process by which cells internalize substances by engulfing them in membrane-bound vesicles.

Exocytosis

The process by which cells export materials using vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

Fluid Mosaic Model

A model describing the structure of cell membranes as a mosaic of diverse protein molecules embedded in a flexible lipid bilayer.