AP World History 3.3 Flashcards

Henry VIII

Henry VIII

English king known for his six marriages and the English Reformation

Anne Boleyn

Second wife of Henry VIII and mother of Elizabeth I

Charles V

Holy Roman Emperor who ruled over vast territories and opposed Protestantism

Philip II

Spanish king known for strong Catholic rule and conflict with England

Spanish Armada

Failed naval invasion of England by Spain in 1588

Peace of Augsburg

Treaty allowing rulers to choose Lutheranism or Catholicism for their territories

Edict of Nantes

1598 decree granting religious rights to Huguenots in France

Thirty Years’ War

Prolonged religious conflict in Europe primarily between Catholics and Protestants

Peace of Westphalia

1648 treaties ending the Thirty Years' War and establishing state sovereignty

indulgences

Payments for the remission of sins in the Catholic Church

simony

The buying or selling of church positions

Holy Synod

Governing body of the Russian Orthodox Church established by Peter the Great

Counter-Reformation

Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation aimed at reforming the Church

Inquisition

Church tribunal established to combat heresy

Jesuits

Catholic religious order focused on education and missionary work

Council of Trent

Ecumenical council addressing Church reform and countering Protestantism

Martin Luther

German monk whose actions sparked the Protestant Reformation

95 Theses

Document criticizing church practices, particularly indulgences

John Calvin

Theologian who promoted predestination and a strict moral code

elect

Those predestined for salvation according to Calvinist belief

predestined

Belief that one's spiritual fate is predetermined

Puritans

English Protestants seeking to purify the Church of England

Protestant Reformation

Religious movement challenging the authority and practices of the Catholic Church

Anglican Church

Protestant church formed in England, led by the monarch

shariah

Islamic law derived from the Quran and Hadith

Sikhism

Religion founded in the 15th century in Punjab, combining Hindu and Islamic elements

empiricism

Philosophical approach emphasizing knowledge through sensory experience.