Biology Test - October

Stuff

Carbohydrates are s_____ s_____. These have 1 or two sugar molecules.

Simple sugars

Lipids are c______ s_ugars. These contain 3 or more sugar molecules.

Complex sugars

Nucleic Acids are ___

DNA

Proteins are made by _________

Ribosomes

The Big Three atoms for life are H______, O_____ and C_____

Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon

Two more important atoms for life are p__________ and ________

Phosphorous and Nitrogen

A hydroxyl group is made of a single bonded O_____ and _______

Oxygen and hydrogen

A carboxyl is made of a double bonded oxygen and carbon (a carbonyl group), along with a second ______ and _______

Oxygen and hydrogen

A carbonyl group is made of a double bonded ______ and ______

Oxygen and carbon

An amino group is made of a ________ single bonded to two ________ atoms

Answer format: ________, ________

Nitrogen, hydrogen

A phosphate group is made of a phosphate double bonded to an ______ and single bonded to 3 other ______s and two ________ atoms

Answer format: ______, ______s, ________

Oxygen, oxygens, hydrogen

A methyl group is defined at __3

Answer Format: __3 (both letters are capitals)

CH3

Carbohydrates contain C_____, H_______ and ______

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

Carbohydrates are the main source of cellular ______

Energy

Carbohydrates typically end in - ___

OSE

Carbohydrates refers to ______ + h_______ (water)

Answer format: ______, ________

Carbon, hydrates

Cellulose, a POLY-saccharide, is found in P_____ and is used for _________

Answer format: P_____, _________

Plants, structure

Starch, a POLY-saccharide, is found in P_____ and is used for _______ in roots

Answer format: P_____, _________

Plants, storage

Glycogen, a POLY-saccharide, is found in A______ and is used for _______ (in humans in liver and muscles)

Answer format: A______, _______

Animals, storage

To break or make a Di-saccharide or a POLY-saccharide you must add or remove H2_. This processes is known as Dehydration synthesis for making a bond and hydrolysis for breaking a bond.

H2O

Proteins are made of the elements C_____, H_______ and ______

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

Examples of the monomers of Carbohydrates include F_______, G______ and Ga_______

Fructose, Glucose and Galactose

Examples of the Polymers of Carbohydrates are C_______, S_____ and G_______

Cellulose, Starch and Glycogen

Proteins are made of the elements ______, H______ and O_____

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

The monomers of Protiens are A____ A____ and there are 20 different types

Amino Acids

Amino Acids are linked together with this type of bond (do not include the word bond in response)

Peptide

A peptide bond is a bond between a C_____ & Nitrogen

Carbon & Nitrogen

To break or make a peptide bond, you must add or subtract _2_

H2O

You DO NOT get energy from protiens

Retype this

You DO NOT get energy from proteins

Protiens are used for S________, Support/Movement and S______ just to name a few

Answer format: St_______, ________

Structure, Storage

Amino acids contain _ parts: central carbon atom, hydrogen, Amino group, Carboxyl group and an “R group”

5

Shape changing = being _________. This occurs when a protein is subjected to improper temperature and PH (acidity)

Denatured

Protein polymers include: elastin, collagen, plant Protiens and protein peptides

Retype this

Protein polymers include: elastin, collagen, plant Protiens and protein peptides

An E_____ is a type of protein that can be reused over and over,

Enzyme

Need examples of proteins and all of the stuff for lipids. Wth happened to my flashcards!

Uses for proteins include structure, storage, antibodies and more. Retype this

Uses for proteins include structure, storage, antibodies and more. Retype this

The primary structure of a protein is a linear chain of amino acids bonded with peptide

The primary structure of a protein is a linear chain of amino acids bonded with peptide

The secondary structure of proteins are made of hydrogen bonds between groups = pleated sheets or helix

The secondary structure of proteins are made of hydrogen bonds between groups = pleated sheets or helix

The tertiary structure of proteins are additional bonds/interactions which form a globular shape

The tertiary structure of proteins are additional bonds/interactions which form a globular shape

The quaternary structure of a protein is made of more than only polypeptide chain(s)

The quaternary structure of a protein is made of more than only polypeptide chain(s)

Lipids are composed of C, H, O

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Lipids are a secondary source of energy, major part of the membrane of cells

Lipids are a secondary source of energy, major part of the membrane of cells

lipids are water hating / _________

Hydrophobic

Triglycerides are fats and oils. They are made of a glycerol chain and 3 fatty acid chains

Triglycerides are fats and oils. They are made of a glycerol chain and 3 fatty acid chains

Phospholipids have a phosphate containing head that loves water and fatty acid tails that hate water

Phospholipids have a phosphate containing head that loves water and fatty acid tails that hate water

Waxes are a type of lipid that are regularly found in nature and repel water. Examples include earwax, beeswax and the coatings of leaves, fruits and feathers.

Waxes are a type of lipid that are regularly found in nature and repel water. Examples include earwax, beeswax and the coatings of leaves, fruits and feathers.

Steroids are a type of lipid are are used to construct hormones.

Steroids are a type of lipid are are used to construct hormones.

An unsaturated fat is a type of triglyceride which is a lipid. These fats are mostly plant based, are liquid at room temperature and contain some double bonds between carbons

An unsaturated fat is a type of triglyceride which is a lipid. These fats are mostly plant based, are liquid at room temperature and contain some double bonds between carbons

Saturated fats are triglycerides and therefore lipids. These were mostly animal fats, are solid at room temperature and contain no double bonds between carbons.

Saturated fats are triglycerides and therefore lipids. These were mostly animal fats, are solid at room temperature and contain no double bonds between carbons.

To make a bond dehydration synthesis is needed whereas to break a bond hydrolysis is required.

To make a bond dehydration synthesis is needed whereas to break a bond hydrolysis is required.

What type of lipid is this?

Phospholipid

What type of lipid is this?

Triglyceride

What type of lipid is this?

Steroid

Polypeptide

Mono saccharide

Poly saccharide

Carboxyl

Amino group

Methyl group

Phosphate

Carbonyl

Hydroxyl