History Unit 4 test

What are the three factors of how Rome was preparing for Christ

Pax Romana, language, roads

Why did Christianity have such a rapid growth in Rome?

Because it's TRUE, ETHICAL, HISTORICAL, and UNIVERSAL

When was the New Testament finished

100 AD

What does the word martyr literally mean

Witness

Under whose power did the first persecution occur in Rome

Nero

Who was Peter and Paul martyred by

Nero

Who blamed everything that went wrong on the Christians

Nero

After the persecution of Paul and Peter did Christianity subside?

No!

Under whose power was John exiled to Patmos and received the revelation of Christ

Domitian

Under whose power did Christians hide in catacombs to worship?

Domitian

What were catacombs

Salt mines

Who was the last ruler of the persecuted church and created the last and worst persecution and is the ruler when Rome split East and West and ruled the EAST

Diocletian

Who was the girly pop who made the edict of Milan which ended the Christian persecution of Rome

Constantine

What was the belief that Jesus was not equal with the trinity

Arianism

Who was the heretic who created Arianism and said God is not Jesus

Arias

What was the goal of the Council of Nicaea

Deal with Arian Heresy

Why did Constantine call the Council of Nicea

Because he questioned if Jesus was God

Who led the council of Nicea

Constantine I

What was the result of the Council of Nicea

Nicene Creed: "Jesus is very God of very God"

How many votes were placed for the Christians at Council of Nicea

316

How many votes were placed for Arias at the council of Nicea

2

Who was the early Christian father who fought against Gnosticism

Irenaeus

What said that if you want to understand Christianity you must apply it to Greek philosophy

Gnosticism

Who wrote "Against All Heresies"?

Irenaeus

Who fought against Monarchism

Tertullian

What stated that the Son and Spirit is LESS than the Father goes against 3 in one

Monarchism

Who coined the term "trinity"

Tertullian

Who was known as a Christian intellectual because he used Plato's ideas to explain Christianity

Origen

Who created the first systematic theology

Origen

True or false: Plato talked about the importance of spiritual over physical

True

Who was the scholar and Hebrew language expert who produced the Latin Vulgate Bible

Jerome

What became the official Bible of the Church of Rome during the Middle Ages

Latin Vulgate Bible

Who was the greatest of the church fathers and wrote that salvation is by grace alone

Augustine of Hippo

Who wrote "confessions" which was an autobiography that focused on youthful lists and wrote of his journey back to faith

Augustine of Hippo

Who wrote "City of God"? Which emphasized that God is in the driver seat even through man's decisions

Augustine of Hippo

Who made Christianity the State Religion of the Roman Empire

Theodosius I

In the Arabian Peninsula who were the descendants of Ishmael

Bedouin Nomads

What was the trade hub of the Bedouin Nomads

City of Mecca

Who was the "supreme" god of the Bedouin nomads

Allah

Who was the merchant of Mecca who said Gabriel told him Allah is God

Muhammad

What was Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) (AD 622)

Hegira

What are the three sources of Islam

Quran, Hadith, Sunna

What is the source of Islam that are the words of Allah to Mohammad "recitations"

Quran

What is the source of Islam that are the quotes of Muhammad "sayings"

Hadith

What is the source of Islam that are the actions of Allah/ good practices of Allah "good practice

Sunnah

What is Islam a religion of "right words"

Orthopraxy

What kind of religion believes that works are better than doctrine

Orthopraxy

What shows how to be a good Islam

The Five pillars

What are the five pillars of Islam

Confession

Prayer

Fasting

Almsgiving

Pilgrimage

What is a ruler of Islam called

Caliph

What was the spiritual leader of Islam called

Imam

What is Islams empire called

Caliphate

What literally mean struggle and is holy war

Jihad

Who was the first caliph of the Islamic empire after Mohammad

Abu Bakr

What groups did the Islams split into

Sunni Muslims (majority of group)

Shia Muslims (minority)

Which Greek philosopher was Islam influenced by

Aristotle

What is the capital city of the Roman Empire

Constantinople

Who was the last of great Roman emperors who married the actress Theodora (they were a power couple)

Justinian I

who said "never will I see a day when I am not saluted as empress"

Theodora

a week-long rebellion in Constantinople, sparked by public discontent over Emperor Justinian I's heavy taxes and harsh policies, started at center for chariot races

Nika Riots

what were chariot street gangs called

demes

What were the two teams of the Nika Riots and which team did Justinian I like the most

green and blue; blue

what happened at the end of the Nika riots

Justinian teamed up with the Blue team and CRUSHED the green team

what were the wars that occured during Justinians rule to capture rome/italy in an attempt at renivato (bringning back the glory days)

Gothic wars

who was one of the leaders under Justinian I at the Gothic wars

Belisarius

What building did Justian create where he said, "I am better than Solomon"

Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom)

what was the first codified Roman law + Biblical principles and became the basis for european law

Justinian code

what made Justinian's "renivato" stop near the end of his reign of the Byzantine empire

1st bubonic plague

what did the people trade at Constantinople

silk

slaves- E. europe

spices- india

Who was the greatest threat to the Constantinople

Islam

what did the Byzantine empire use against the Arabs in war that couldn't be put out by water

Greek fire

who initiated the Iconoclastic Controversy around 730 CE by banning the use and veneration of religious icons, believing their worship was idolatry and had angered God.

Leo III

what is an "image breaker" (they were politically influential)

iconoclast

the break of communion between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church since 1054. (break between east and west churches)

Great Schism 1054

what was the dynasty that werent what they called themselves at all and just loved to lean into greek roots

macedonian empire

who brought the Eastern Roman empire to its greatest height since Justinian I

Basil II

who conquered Constantinople

Mehmet II

who rose up and defeated the dynasty of constantinople at the Battle of Manzikert but didnt completely defeat them

Seljuk turks

what greatly weakened Constantinople

4th crusade

what brought the final fall of Constantinople

Ottoman Turks under Mehmet II

what does catholic literally mean

universal

what was the catholic roman Church led by

bishops/pope

who was the supposed first bishop of Rome

Peter

what are works that secure grace

sacraments

what is the catholic Lord's Supper called

eucharist

the Roman Catholic doctrine that the bread and wine in the Eucharist are, through a miraculous change, transformed into the actual body and blood of Jesus Christ, though they continue to appear and taste the same

transubstantiation

what was the "preparation" to be apart of the body of christ in the catholic church called

baptism

catholic confessions are called what

penance

a key part of the "last rites" administered to those who are seriously ill or in danger of death. The rites provide spiritual comfort and strength, including forgiveness of sins, to help the person face death with peace and hope

extreme unction

place or state of suffering inhabited by the souls of sinners who are expiating their sins before going to heaven

purgatory

most severe penalty of teh catholic chruch, which bars a person from receiving the sacraments and participating in certain church activities

excommunication

what means to let other religions influence your own

syncretism

who took the place of martyrs during the time of the catholic church

hermits

what are hermit groups called

monastaries