Community Health Exam 3 Non-communicable disease

4 main categories for NCDs

1. Cardiovascular diseases

2. Cancers

3. Chronic respiratory diseases

4. Diabetes

Nursing role for NCDs

§Nurses play a significant role in reducing the burden of NCDs through interventions at various levels.

•Primary

•Secondary

•Tertiary

World Health organization & NCDs

§The majority of NCDs can be prevented by reducing risk factors.

•Modifiable behavioral risk factors

•Genetic risk factors

•Environmental risk factors

•Sociodemographic risk factors

Prevention

§Requires a comprehensive approach:

• Individual level

•Community level

•Global level

Chronic Care Model

-Designed to improve the care of people with chronic illnesses.

-Focuses on creating a healthcare system that supports high quality patient care.

4 common Risk factors for most NCDs

Nutrition

Physical activity

tobacco use

alcohol use

Leading causes of death & disability

1.Heart disease

2.cancer

3.covid-19

4.accidents

5.stroke

6.respiratory disease

7.Alzheimer's

8.diabetes

9.influenza & pneumonia

10.Nephritis

Cancer

Is the 2nd leading cause of death globally.

-screening can decrease death

-survival rate has increased

Risk factors for Cancer

-Behavioral-tanning, secondhand smoke, alcohol use, tobacco use.

-Genetic factors

-Environmental factors-exposure to carcinogens in the workplace.

Breast cancer

ALL 3 levels of risk apply!

-family history

-diet

-exercise

-reproductive

-alcohol

*all associated with increased risk for breast cancer!

chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD)

-COPD

-Asthma

-occupational

-pulmonary HTN

-Risk factors: tobacco use, air pollutants, environmental chemical fumes and dust.

Prevalence of Diabetes type 2

-Changes in lifestyle (exercise & diet).

The prevalence pot is growing because of an increase in incidence and a decrease in mortality.

Risk factors for NCDs: Behavioral

§Nutrition

§Exercise

§Obesity

§These risk factors are higher in the southern United States.

•Cultural component

•Creates a barrier for lifestyle change

Risk factors for NCDs: Environment

§Pollutants increase the risk of

•Asthma

•Cardiovascular health problems

•Cancer

§Places pollutants can be found:

•Home

•Work

•Air

•Water

•Ground

Prevention strategies for NCDs

§At the individual and family levels, primary prevention focuses on behavioral change with a strong emphasis on healthy eating and exercise.

§Population-level primary prevention programs help to change barriers to a healthy lifestyle.

Secondary & Tertiary Prevention

§Screening leads to early detection and treatment.

§Treatment

•Reduce morbidity and disability associated with the disease.

•Prevent premature death.