Plant Biology Lecture Review

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards on plant biology, covering key terms and concepts related to the evolution, structure, and reproduction of plants.

Kingdom Plantae

The taxonomic group consisting of all land plants.

Embryophytes

Another term for land plants, which evolved from green algae.

Haplontic

A life cycle in which the haploid stage is dominant.

Diplontic

A life cycle in which the diploid stage is dominant.

Gametophyte

The haploid generation in the alternation of generations.

Sporophyte

The diploid generation in the alternation of generations.

Apical Meristem

The region of actively dividing cells at the tips of roots and shoots, responsible for plant growth.

Xylem

The vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals upward from the roots.

Phloem

The vascular tissue that transports the products of photosynthesis throughout the plant.

Stomata

Small openings in leaves that allow for gas exchange.

Bryophytes

Nonvascular plants that include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

Lycophytes

A group of seedless vascular plants, including club mosses and spike mosses.

Sori

Clusters of sporangia on the underside of fern fronds.

Gynosperms

Seed plants that reproduce by naked seeds and include conifers and cycads.

Angiosperms

Flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within a fruit.

Endosperm

Tissue produced in the seeds of flowering plants that provides nourishment to the developing embryo.

Apomixis

A form of asexual reproduction where seeds are produced without fertilization.

Gemmae

Asexual reproductive structures found in liverworts.

Microphylls

Small leaves with a simple vascular system, characteristic of some vascular plants.

Megaphylls

Larger leaves with a pattern of branching veins.

Petals

The colorful part of a flower that attracts pollinators.

Pollination

The transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma.

Fertilization

The process where a sperm cell unites with an egg cell to form a zygote.

Cotyledons

The first leaves that develop from a seed.

Stolon

A horizontal stem that grows along the surface of the ground, producing new plants at the nodes.

Grafting

A method of asexual reproduction where a part of one plant is attached to the stem of another for growth.

Rhizoid

Root-like structures in nonvascular plants that anchor them to substrates.