Human Anatomy Lab 04

Floating bone

A bone that does not touch any other bone in the body.

Cervical vertebrae

• 7 total.

• Have 3 holes: 1 vertebral foramen and 2 transverse foramina

• Spinous process is forked (4/7)

• C1: Atlas (does not have a body)

• C2: Axis: has the dens (AKA odontoid process)

Thoracic vertebrae

• 12 total.

• Looks like a giraffe

• Spinous process is pointed down

• Costal facets – smooth areas where the ribs attach (not found on any other vertebrae)

Lumbar vertebrae

• 5 total.

• Looks like a moose

• Biggest vertebrae.

• Spinous process is thick and square. Also points straight out.

Ribs

• 12 total pairs.

• All connect to thoracic vertebrae posteriorly.

• 10 pairs connect to costal cartilage anteriorly.

• Ribs 1-7: True ribs. Each rib has its own cartilage piece.

• Ribs 8-10: False ribs. Each rib connects and is fused to the cartilage of rib 7.

• Ribs 11-12: False floating ribs. They do not connect to coastal cartilage but still connect to vertebrae.

Hyoid bone

Superior to larynx, inferior to tongue. Only true floating bone in the body.

Intervertebral discs

pads of cartilage between the vertebrae

Vertebral foramen

Big hole in the middle where the spinal cord is found

Body of vertebrae

Anterior. Where intervertebral disks rest

Transverse processes

the two processes that extend left and right

Spinous process

the single process that extends posteriorly

Sacrum

counted as one bone though it is made up of five fused vertebrae

Coccyx

counted as one bone though it is made up of four (more or less) fused vertebrae

Anatomy of a rib

• Head - ‘bumpy’ end of a rib; articulates with the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly

• Tubercle – bump; articulates with the ‘ear’ of thoracic vertebrae posteriorly

• Costal groove – makes the inferior edge of a rib sharp. Goes down

• Sternal end – ‘blunt’, shaved end of a rib; articulates with the costal cartilage of sternum anteriorly

Sternum

Attaches to ribs 1-10 by costal cartilage.

Three fused bones:

• Manubrium: superior portion

• Body: ling middle portion

• Xiphoid: inferior ‘point”