CHEM: You imprinted on my daughter?

Charge of silver ions

Ag+

Charge of copper ions

Cu 2+

Charge of iron ions

Fe 2+ or Fe 3+

Charge of lead ions

Pb 2+

Charge of zinc ions

Zn 2+

Charge of ammonium ions

NH4+

Charge of carbonate ions

CO3 2-

Charge of nitrate ions

NO3-

Charge of sulphate ions

SO4 2-

What is ionic bonding?

Bonds formed between a metal and a non metal

Metals lose electrons to form positive ions

Non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions

They are held together by their opposite charges.

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged electrons require large amounts of energy to overcome

Are ionic compounds good conductors?

They don’t conduct electricity when solid, but they do when molten and in aqueous solution.

What is covalent bonding?

Two non-metal atoms are bonded by the sharing of pair(s) of electrons.

They are held together as both nuclei have electrostatic forces

What is metallic bonding?

Bonds formed between metal elements

Metal atoms lose the electrons in their outer shell which become delocalised electrons (this is why metals are good conductors)

The metal ions are held together by the mutual electrostatic attraction towards the delocalised electrons between them

What is the main factor that affects the strength of the metallic bonding in a metal?

The size of charge on the metal ion (and the number of delocalised electrons)

Why would some ionic compounds have a higher melting point than others?

If the ions have a greater charge then the electrostatic forces between them will be stronger, requiring more energy to overcome